Full text of "Washington Apple Pi Journal, April 1986"

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Washington Apple Pi

The Journal of Washington Apple Pi, Ltd.

Volume 8 Aumber 4

A Presentation by Alan Kay
SwyftCaro

Toy Expert System in Forth
Cricket Graph & Omnis 3 (softviews)
Accounting on the Macintosh

DETICENS 4 SENT, EGTRONTET 4.4 wa dòa'xròssyo SwyftCard and Telecommunications, . . Dave Harvey 31
PresTdént s Corner . aa nana «« lom Warrick 4 Pinpoint: A Review ..... Henry R. Hertzfeld 32
General Information, Event Queue, Classifieds . . 5 A Toy Expert System in Forth. . . Chester H. Page 34
Commercial Classifieds, Pub. Serv, Announcements, 6 Pascal 1.3 Upgrade Offer . . . . Michael Hartman 39
WAF GEIGHCRY. STONBWE w « ò`d 59» ve Haws T The View From Durham . . . . . . Chris Klugewicz 40
Meeting Report: February 27 . . . . Adrien Youell 8 Best of Apple Items - UBBS . . . . . =Alexander- 42
Research Project on Computer Agents (Reptd by AY) 9 UB SOU a jèn mw en os «sw d » 0 Condren 14
NAN MANI ENN NN S IN m Ts ee eee s MM //e-Apple Writer-LaserWriter Utility..Martin Kuhn 45
WAP Bulletin Board Systems, Meeting Format, , . . 12 Assembling a Panel for Comic Strip...Paul E. Funk 46
Telecom SIG NEWS ... .. . . so « Dave Harvey 13 Mac Q&A. . .ióo.... . Jonatan E. Hardis 48
Lisa SES NEMS ò 5.5.5225. , JONN Preston 13 MECHNOV TÈG . 259 os s s» RAIAN 9. Begleiter 52
Apple Teas . ai cess «. Amy Te Billingsiey 13 DOTEVIENS $ 5 aw us - « a wo, David Morganstein 54
Forth SIG NewS . +... «o...» vin Neaton 13 Mac Software: Latest Versions , David Morganstein 59
Apple /// Articles - WAP Journal. .David Ottalini 14 'EXCEL'ing With Your Mac . . . David Morganstein 60
Apple /// Drivers . . . . . . . . David Ottalini 15 Fregeriek- Apple COTE “w 42 bè wo. s» X » » V» e &
Q8A.............. «Bruce F, Field 16 . Inside "Mac, LasrWrter, AppleTalk".Lynn R. Trusal 62
DisabledSIG News ........... Jay Thal 18 A Developer's View of MacFest . . . . Jim Lanford 64
"Bye LEEUBPRE <<. as as $5» s» DOrTS Levine 19 Review Corner . a o . . . «+ . « . James M. Burger 66
BAMESIG NEWS è sesa woo oo Barry Bedrick 22 TML Pascal: A Review .. .... Robert C. Platt 68
Sierra Championship Boxing . . . Richard Bollar 22 Accounting on the Mac: Part 1 . . . . Ed Myerson 70
A View TORIT] ..... . ... Chris Hancock 23 512K Mac and Single Disk Drive, . .Lloyd B. Swift 72
Wizardry for Beginners . . . ... Steven Payne 23 Best of the Mac Items ~ UBBS . . . Regina Litman 73
Under FITE . (^. in... .. s» David rasin 24 Membership Directory . . . . . . Dana J. Schwartz 76
INNER vw y» ¿ino monwa na nè A Diskétaria Díspateh a é 4 4 n èn 5 Jim Little 77
Please, Apple, Leave My // Alone...Leon H. Raesly 26 Index to Advertisers, Author Index . . . . . . +. 78
Lap Computer: Part 5 . . . . . . . George Kinal 27 Diskeberia Order Form... aa e... e nn n 79
SwyftCard for the //e: A Review . . Adrien Youell 28 Tutorial Registration, Directory Change Form. . . 80

For information on joining WAP, see "General Information", page 5.

Our Apple SIGs are
worth so much, we couldnt
put a price on them.

Until April 30, we're waiving our $49.95 registration fee
to introduce you to the SIGs that could be priceless.

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wonder how you ever got along |

without us. |

And your membership will, of |

O Send my new SourcePak Manual (shown) for the
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Plus theres a tutorial, free-of- (For verification)
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unlimited time to master the system. Phone (day)... (evening)
But you have to act now to take Offer expires April 30, 1986.
advantage of our free membership
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applies. **In Virginia. call 703-821-6666. trademark of McIntosh Laboratory, Inc. © 1986 Source Telecomputing Corporation.

277 S. Washington St., Alexandria, VA (703)838-9700

A Special Washington Apple Pi Newsletter Supplement

Clearance Items from
Clinton Computer p.s.

Clinton Computer opcrates a Clearance Center
at 6457 Old Alex. Ferry Road in Clinton, Mary-
land, in the same shopping center as our retail store.
Here you can find demo and used equipment as well
as discontinued software, peripherals, and accessor-
ics-- ALL AT SUBSTANTIAL SAVINGS!

Mark Krenik, Sales Manager of the Clearance
Center, has a wide varicty of product in stock nght
now and invites Pi members to visit the store.

For April, Mark is featuring Apple III Software:
Product Training Paks for AppleWriter Ill, Mail
List Manager, VisiCalc III, or Business Graphics.....$10.00 each

III E-Z Pieces $59.95 COBOL $125.00
VisiCalc III $49.95 Senior Analyst Il] $87.50
QuickFile III $19.95 Soficard III $150.00
AppleWriter III $44.95 Pascal $62.50
Apple Business BASIC $29.95 System Software $62.50
Mail List Manager $32.45 Business Graphics $34.95

Group Purchase of the Month

Fifty Unidisk 3.5 (A2P2099) are available as a special group pur-
chase for Pi members at $324.35 -- that's 35% off the list price of $499!
These drives are available at cither of our retail locations. Sorry, no pur-
chase orders, please. Note: Apple //c owners with serial numbers less
than F6051GF will need a ROM upgrade; //e owners will need a board
(A2C2002), Pi priced at $51.75.

Lisa/MacXL Trade-In

If you own a Lisa/MacXL you may trade it in on a Macintosh Plus
and Hard Disk 20 between April 14 and August 29 only. The cost is
your Lisa and $1498, (Pi discounts do not apply.)

Pi Pricing for Macintosh Upgrades

List Pi Price*

Macintosh Plus Internal Disk Upgrade $324 $243

(list includes $25 installation)
Macintosh Plus Upgrade from 128K or S849 $637

third party 512K; also requires Disk

Upgrade (list includes $50 installation)
Macintosh Plus Upgrade from Apple 512K; S649 $487

also requires Disk Upgrade (list includes

$50 installation)
LascrWriter Plus Upgrade (list includes $849 $637

$50 installation)

Washington Apple Pi April

av,
Ataer [8 he

Clinton Computer --
Your #1 Apple Dealer

6443 Old Alex. Ferry Rd., Clinton, MD (301)856-2500
April 1986

Desktop Publishing

For Macintosh owners with a need to produce
type-set quality documents, the answer is an Apple
Desktop Publishing System. Add a LaserWriter
Printer and any of a wide variety of software pro-
grams to your Macintosh System and you are ready
to create -- faster, better, and cheaper.

If you or your company necds to save time and
money on your presentation graphics, then plan to
attend one of our FREE SEMINARS on Desktop
Publishing. These seminars will be scheduled
throughout the next four months, with both after-
noon and evening sessions. Please call 838-9700 for information
and reservations.

//c Special Through April 30th

Apple //c Carrying Case, Monochrome Monitor and Stand -- Pi
priced at only $74.25!! Use your color monitor at home and carry the
jic to work where you use the mono monitor.

"Previously Owned"
Macintosh 512K's Available

For Sale: "Previously-owned" Macintosh 512K's; priced hundreds
of dollars less than new Macintoshes! AppleCare contracts available.
Call Clinton Computer p.s. at 856-2500 and ask for Mike or Mark.

Rebates Offered!!

If you purchased your Macintosh between Nov. 17, 1985 and
January 15, 1986, you can qualify for up to $450 in rebates directly
from Apple Computer when you upgrade to a Macintosh Plus.

Call either of our stores for details.

*CLINTON COMPUTER is ars to offer Washington Apple Pi members a
25% DISCOUNT OFF THE LIST PRICE on all Apple brand peripherals and __

software and on AppleCare. Discount is available to persons who have been Pi

members for at least three months. Discount applies to cash and certified check

purchases of Ape peripherals and software (no CPU's) and may not be applied

retroactively. Ift | $

members néed to present their ID cards up-front. Discount cannot be used in 7

combination with other pio Members should primarily utilize the Pi
ler

he product is not in stock, we can take your prepaid order. Pi

network of experts for after-sale support. No phone or mail orders, please.

This newsletter was produced on a Macintosh and LaserWriter, using
MacDraw. Apple and the Apple logo are registered trademarks of
Apple Computer, Inc. Macintosh is a trademark of McIntosh Labora-
tory, Inc. and is being used with express permission of its owner.
LaserWriter is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.

1986 1

| a E
The Computer Service Center, a division of Family Com-
puter Centers, Inc., can service, diagnose’ and repair
your Apple Computer. Our conveniently located service
center can keep your. computer system in top. working
condition. And'.we'li do everything we can to keep your
downtime to'a minimum.

e Walk-in repair service | | |

e On-site repair service Computer Service

e Service contract for all Apple Computers and Epson Center a
Printers . |

e AppleCare service Contracts available

e Apple Warranty and: AppleCare Contracts purchased

y 1

from otheridealers honored |

Computer Service e$

CENTER Authonzal Dedi

_ monn

\| DIVISION OF FAMILY COMPUTER CENTERS, INC.

! | | 273—0160
April 1986

10807 Main St., Fairfax, Virginia,

Washington Apple Pi

OFFICERS 8 STAFF

Board of Directors

President - Tom Warrick 301) 656-4389
Vice Pres-Programs - Adrien Youell 301) 951-0838
Vice Pres-SIGs - Bruce Field 301) 340-7038
Treasurer - Edward Myerson 703) 759-5479
Secretary - Peter Combes 301) 251-6369
Directors - J.T. (Tom) DeMay Jr (301) 779-4632
- Raymond Hobbs 301) 490-7484
- Bob Platt 806) 353-9723
- Leon Raesly 301) 460-07
- Jay Thal 202) 244-3649
- John Voglewede 301) 460-3047
l - Rich Wasserstrom
Past President - David Morganstein 301) 972-4263
Editor - Bemie Urban 301) 229-3458
Head Software Libr. - Jim Little — 301) 762-3215
Office Managers - Gena & Bernie Urban (301) 654-8060
Journal Staff:
Associate Editor — - Gena Urban GOR 229-3458
Store Distrbtn. - Raymond Hobbs (301) 490-7484
Columnists:
Apple /// - Charlene Ryan 703) 836-0463
DisabledSIG - Jay Thal 202) 244-3649
EDSIG - Peter Combes 301) 251-6369
GAMESIG - Barry Bedrick (703) 534-7891
LISA SIG - John Day 301) 621-7543
MacNovice - Ralph Begleiter 301) 340-3296
Pascal (PIG) - Mike Hartman 301) 445-1583
& A - Bruce Field. 301) 340-7038
ac Q&A - Jonathan Hardis (301) 330-1422
Meeting Reports - Adrien Youell _ 301) 951-0838
Softviews - David Morganstein 301) 972-4263
Telecomm - Dave Harvey 703) 527-2704
Review Coord. - Jim Burger (day) (202) 337-7900
Review Coord. — - Raymond Hobbs 301) 490-7484
Review Coord. — - David Morganstein 301) 972-4263
BBS - Apple — - =Alexander- 301) 474-5310
UBBS - Mac - Regina Litman (301) 585-0044

View from Durham- Chris Klugewicz
Disketeria Staff: - Jim Little (301) 762-3215
- Dave Weikert, John Malcolm, Joy Aso,
- Ed Lang, Pat Foreman, Gordon Stubbs,
- John DeMarco, Fred Edwards, Andy
| - Gallant, William Jones, Shirley Weaver
H — - Nancy Little, Richard Langston II
C/M Librarian - Joe England (301) 953-1949

DOS 3.3 Lib. -

Pascal Lib. - John Dyer (703) 538-5636
ProDOS Lib. - J.T. (Tom) DeMay Jr. (301) 779-4632
SigMac Lib. - Tony Anderson 301) 277-0386
Group Purchases — - Rich Wasserstrom * (703) 893-7143

Me KO 7:00-9:30, M- }

Head Reading Lib. - Walt Francis (202) 966-5742
Apple Tea Coord. -

Arrangements - Leon Moore

301) 946-2642
301) 460-0754
6-1656

Bulletin Board Opr. - Leon Raesly
302) 68
(day) (202) 337-7900

Dealer Rel. Comm. - John Alden
- Jim Burger
- Rich Wasserstrom

General Counsel — - Jim Burger (day) 301) 337-7900
Membership - Dana Schwartz 301) 654-8060
Program — - John Alden 202) 686-1656
Publicity Chairman - Hunter Alexander 703) 820-8304
Public Relations - Leon Raesly 301) 460-0754
Tutorials - Oscar Kramer 301) 384-5206
- George Sall 703) 768-0212
- Steve Stern 301) 881-2543
- Ted Meyer 703) 893-6845
Volunteer Coord. — - Sue Ro 703) 356-9025
SIG Chairmen:
Appleseeds - lan Thal _ 202) 244-3649
Apple /// - David Ottalini & 301) 681-5792
- Bill Rosenmund 703) 941-5050
appie Iic - Chuck Holzwarth 703) 751-7575
CP/M - Charles Franklin 301) 997-9138
DisabledSIG - Jay Thal (202) 244-3649
dPub SIG - J. Condren 202) 269-1098
EDSIG - Peter Combes 301) 251-6369
Forth SIG - Kevin Nealon 703) 280-1136
Frederick Slice - Scott Galbraith 301) 865-3035
GAMESIG - Ronald Wartow 1) 654-4439
LAWSIG - John Weld 202) 822-3354
LISASIG _ -John Day 301) 621-7543
Pie Ala Mode Slice - Tom Kroll 703) 368-1929
SigMac - Don Landing 703) 690-1010
ee Prog. Grp. - Timothy Buehrer 703) 548-8971
NEWSIG - Bernie Benson 301) 951-5294
Pascal (PIG) - Larry Taborek 703) 960-2250
PI-SIG - Raymond Hobbs 301) 490-7484
STOCKSIG - Robert Wood 703) 893-9591
Telecomm. SIG - George Kinal (202) 546-7270

Washington Apple Pi, Ltd.
8227 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 201
Bethesda, MD 20814
Business Office (301) 654-8060

EDITORIAL

It's working! After all these years of effort, there is
evidence of greater cooperation between Apple and the User
Groups. WAP has benefited in many ways. That means that
you, dear reader, have also benefited. And that is where it
counts! Not at the national, regional or club officer level, but
where you sit. We are beginning to get through to Apple.
How, you may ask?

Well, witness if you will last month's meeting with Alan
Kay. He came and enchanted us with visions of the future.
Apple Columbia pitched in. Our dPub SIG meeting was
replete with loaners of a Mac+ and LaserWniter+. Apple
Columbia helped us to make it possible. As this is being
written, plans are being completed for the visit of Ellen Petry
Leanse to our March meeting. Ellen is, as you already (or
should) know, is the Apple User Group Evangelist from

Washington Apple Pi

Cupertino. And much more ... Why, we've even heard that
someone has been assigned the responsibility equivalent to
Ellen's at the regional (e.g. Apple Columbia) level. We've
had two follow-on conferences since January, both of which
were on MAUG. Nothing concrete from these yet, buy
maybe... It means that you can find Apple and Mac tech notes
at the office, that maybe soon you can get answers to your
own perplexing conundrums via Apple Columbia or elsewhere
in Apple. Let's see where all this takes us.

About the Journal, we tried this time to prepare it all
(except for the ads) electronically with the assistance of David
Morganstein's HD-20 on our Mac+. Nope, it didn't pan out
(yet). We ran into unexpected difficulties here and there.
Come hear about them at the dPub SIG meeting on the 2nd
Saturday in April at the office.

April 1986 3

Mes.

everyone would
agree,one of the best

meetings WAP has ever
had--the best, most said,
| since the Woz came here
to introduce the Macin-
H tosh in January of 1984.
Alan's presentation cov-
ered a wide range of sub-
Mi jects, which is only right
for someone like him,
who is involved in so
e x Se many projects on the fron-

o a tier of computer science.
(See. Adrien Youell's summary of Alan's talk elsewhere in
this issue.) Thanks, Alan, for lifting all our spirits with a
look at what we can do with tomorrow's computer
technology. (And thanks, also, to Mrs. Kay, Alan's mother,
for coming as well.)

Everyone's thanks should also go to three WAP members
whose behind-the-scenes efforts made Alan's presentation such
a multimedia tour de force. Leon Moore, who handles our
arrangements with our host USUHS, used his contacts and
persuasive skills to make available some of USUHS’s first-
rate equipment. Thanks also to John Alden, our Program
Chairman, whom few members get to see at meetings becuase
he's the fellow peering into a videocamera. John's been
videotaping the last few WAP meetings, and he managed to
capture Alan's presentation as well. If you would like to see
the February meeting, or any of the other recent meetings,
check with the office and you can arrange to come in and see
our videotape. If you're interested in borrowing or buying a
videotape of WAP meetings, call the office at 654-8060 and
we'll see what can be arranged. W AP may also have available
a videotape of the Steve Wozniak's recent Apple World
conference talk on his days running "Dial-a-Joke" in San Jose
and his early college years.

Finally, thanks must go to Adrien Youell, our Vice
President for Programs, who coordinates (perhaps I should say
"choreographs") the many program activities that go on at
WAP meetings. Adrien, who is one of the best organized
people I’ve ever met, had even his abilities taxed by all the
things that needed to be done at the last minute to get ready
for Alan's talk. That things went off so well is an example of
Adrien's hard work and dedication. Gentlemen, from all of us:
Thank you!

WAP is looking for a few good men and women: The
annual Washington Apple Pi elections for officers and
directors will be held beginning at our May meeting. All
WAP members are eligible—and encouraged—to run. Jay
Heller and Mike Ungerman have agreed to serve as a
nominating committee, and they're hard at work this month

An,
eo

4 April 1986

PRESIDENT'S (

by Tom Warrick

he February WAP
meeting with Alan
Kay was, virtually

looking for you. Nominations will be taken at the April 26
meeting. WAP's elected officers are the president, a vice
president for Apple // programs, a vice president for
Macintosh programs, the secretary, and the treasurer. The
Board also consists of seven elected directors-at-large and three
members who serve ex officio: the past president, the editor
of the Journal and the disk librarian. If you’re interested in
running, please don’t hesitate to contact Jay, Mike, me or any
one of the other officers or directors.

One important tradition we have, though, is this: anyone
who comes to a Board of Directors meeting is eligible to vote,
whether elected or not, unless one of the “official” board
members requests a vote of official members--something that
happens very infrequently. Most decisions are made by
everyone who attends. So even if you decide not to run,
you're welcome—and encouraged—to attend.

Apple University: Earlier this month, WAP was invited
by Apple Computer, Inc. to come to Cupertino and talk at a
session of “Apple University,” Apple’s name for their
corporate enrichment program. I spoke to about 40 of their
“rising stars” about the benefits of working with user groups.
Although this was intended as educational for the people at
Apple, it was, at least for me, quite an eye-opener. Apple’s
User Group Evangelist Ellen Leanse made her office available
to me while she was out for a few hours, so I returned the
favor by taking phone messages for her. (Incidentally, most
middle-level professionals at Apple don’t have their own
secretaries. When you have a Mac on your desk connected to
a LaserWriter, you’re expected to do your own typing!) Ellen
coordinates Apple’s relations with 800 or so user groups, and
she gets calls all the time. That she can get any work done at
all is impressive; that she has managed to accomplish as
much as she has in the very short time the position has
existed--November 1985—is a testimony to what must be an
enormous reserve of energy and spirit.

I enjoyed meeting the people who attended this session.
The “students” consisted of professionals from every part of
Apple’s worldwide operations, including manufacturing, qual-
ity control, product engineering, marketing and even, so I was
told, a lawyer. The guest lecturers included representatives
from many of the groups Apple works with, such as dealers,
educators and users. Our purpose was to do a massive down-
load of our motivations, interests, perceptions and concerns.
Speaking as a user group representative, I tried to impress
upon the participants that user groups were most interested in
finding out information about how to use Apple's products.
We were also interested, I said, in sharing with Apple our
experiences with our computers and software.

Afterwards, several people from the product design and
quality control areas came up to me to discuss specific ques-
tions Apple and WAP are interested in. Apple, it is no secret,
is interested in ideas about future printers, particularly for the
market between the Imagewriter II and the LaserWriter. What
features should it have? How much would it be worth? (Can

we start a discussion of this on the Apple-Link board on BB
cont

Washington Apple Pi

System 3? After a few weeks we'll forward the information to
the right people at Apple.) I also learned that while Apple is
aware of the problem the UniDisk 3.5 has when trying to
write a one-block file to a write-protected disk, a hardware fix
is not likely in the very near future. The current software
patch, available from your Apple dealer, will have to do.

After the Apple University presentation, I was able to
speak for an hour with the person responsible for the Apple
Clubs Intemational program. Apple Clubs International are
parent- or teacher-sponsored small groups of schoolchildren (K-
12) who meet periodically to learn about computers. Apple
Clubs and user groups have much in common, although
Apple Clubs are something like the computer equivalent of
the Girl Scouts. (You may be pleasantly surprised to learn
that more than half of the members of Apple Clubs are girls.)
They even have awards akin to merit badges! The program is
one with many opportunities for children to have fun, work
together and learn about computers--just like we do here at
WAP! Can WAP work together with some of the Apple
Clubs in the area? If you are involved with an Apple Club in
the Washington area, or are interested in volunteering to
coordinate helping Apple Clubs from within the Pi, please
give me a call.

There's not that much else to report here. I’m sticking
close to my telephone, waiting for my authorized Apple dealer
to let me know my Macintosh upgrade has arrived. Although
I understand why Apple has chosen to put all of its new
motherboards into Mac pluses, rather than upgrade kits--Mac
pluses make Apple a fair profit, whereas Apple may do little
more than break even on upgrade kits--Apple would be well
advised to ship upgrade kits to dealers sooner than they have.
It’s the 512K upgrade problem all over again. Old customers
resent being forced to wait while new purchasers get the first
crack at the latest improvements--improvements that were
suggested by the experience of the many people who bought
early. Every time Apple upgrades the Mac, the people who
bought early feel more and more like pioneers--you know, the
ones you can spot by the arrows in their backs! G5

General Information

Apple user groups may reprint without prior permission
any portion of the contents herein, provided proper author,
title and publication credits are given.

Membership dues for Washington Apple Pi are $32.00 for
the first year and $25.00 per year thereafter, beginning in the
month joined. If you would like to join, please call the club
office or write to the office address. A membership
application will be mailed to you. Subscriptions to the
Washington Apple Pi Journal are not available. The Journal
is distributed as a benefit of membership.

Mailing Notice: Change of address must be postmarked at
least 30 days prior to effective date of move. Journal issues
missed due to non-receipt of change of address may be acquired
via mail for $2.50 per issue.

Current office hours are:

Monday - Friday - 10 AM to 2:30 PM
Tues, & Thurs. - 7PM to 9:00 PM
Saturday - 12 Noon to 3:00 PM

Washington Apple Pi

April 1986

Washington Apple Pi meets on the 4th Saturday (usually)
of each month, both Apple and Mac. Library transactions,
Journal pickup, memberships, etc. are from 9:00-9:30 AM
and during the Q& A sessions (times for these vary according
to the main meeting topic). The business meeting is from
10:30 to 11:00.

A sign interpreter and reserved seating can be provided for
the hearing impaired, but we need S business days notice.
Call the office.

Following are dates and topics for upcoming months:

April 26 - Dvorak Keyboard for Apple and Mac
May 24 - Apple // open

- Hierarchical File System for the Mac
June 28 - Garage Sale

The Executive Board of Washington Apple Pi meets on
the second Wednesday of each month at 7:30 PM at the office.
All members are welcome to attend. (Sometimes an alternate
date is selected. Call the office for any late changes.) (5

CLASSIFIEDS

WANTED: A copy of Apple II User's Guide by Lon Poole
et al (Osborne McGraw-Hill). Since I have a ][+, an old
edition is sufficient. Call Lincoln at (202) 387-7641.

FOR SALE: Monitor, Color/BW, 10" Panasonic; Disk II
(without controller); and two 80-col/64K cards. Sold for best
offer(s). Call Abel in Annapolis, (301) 268-0006 days or
(301) 269-0040 evenings.

FOR SALE: 512K Macintosh, $1250. Imagewniter
printer, $425. Both in excellent condition with 8-month
balance of Apple Care maintenance agreement. Call Bill at
493-5564.

FOR SALE: 64K Apple ](+ with 2 Apple disk drives,
Videx 80-column card and Amdek monitor, $650. Also
available Microsoft CP/M board w/software, $100; Echo II
plus speech and music board, $60; Saturn compatible 128K
Ramboard, $75. John Willis, work (301) 353-4924, home
(301) 694-9410.

FOR SALE: 64K Apple J[+, 2 disk drives, CP/M card,
MF card, MX-80FT printer, L-100 monitor. Richard H. Duff,
(703) 670-0748.

FOR SALE: Lisa 7/7 Accounting Software 50% off
Professional level program by BPI. 4 modules: Gen'l Acct'g,
A/P, A/R and Payroll. Orig. $595 each. All 4 for $1100. If
no offer for 4, then any 3 for $850, or any 2 for $590.
Virtually new; A/P, A/R, Payroll still in shrinkwrap. Call
Art (703) 356-1384, 6:30 to 10:30 PM or weekend.

FOR SALE: Macintosh XL, with 2 megabytes of
memory and 10 megabytes of RAM. Enjoy a large 12" screen
for a really big spreadsheet! Mac Software: Omnis 2, a low-

cost single file data base package, $45; Quartet, a can
contd.

bination spreadsheet and graphics package, $40; MS Char,
the perfect graphics companion to Multiplan, $45; Mac-
Fortran compiler, convert your mainframe programs to run on
the Mac, $55. Call David, (301) 972-4263.

FOR SALE: Macintosh XL 512K memory cards by Apple
Computer, $400 each. Also MS Multiplan, $50; MS Chart,
$35; Hayden Speller, $25; or all three for $100. Call Tepping
at 593-5860.

FOR SALE: Apple J[+, 64K, lower case chip, shift key
mod., 5 1/4" Unidisk drive (new), Monitor II (new), View-
master 80-column card, some software. $800. Call Bill
Hughes, (301) 753-6678.

FOR SALE: Okidata M192 printer, with tractor
attachment, like new, $250. Also, Grappler+ parallel
graphics interface card for the Apple J[+ or //e, $50. Call
Bob, (703) 455-9019, evenings and weekends.

FOR SALE: Bargain prices for three Dow Jones products
to track your investments: Market Manager, used slightly,
works perfectly except in Canada, listed at $299, only $25;
Market Manager, used slightly, works perfectly, even in
Canada, listed at $299, only $40; Market Manager Plus (latest
version), used once, lists now at $249, only $110. Call Newt
Steers, 9AM-9PM at (301) 320-5820.

FOR SALE: General Accounting Software Modules
(published by Software Dimensions), latest versions, suitable
for Apple ][, ][+, //e and /// (in emulation): General Ledger-
Accounting module, $150; Payroll module, $150. Or both at
$275. This is 55% off list price! (301) 262-7823. @

COMMERCIAL CLASSIFIEDS

CABLES: Adaptation Electronics, (301) 948-7440.
Custom cables for the Apple ][, //c and Macintosh (+) or
other computer, Call for a quote. E

PUBLIC SERVICE

ANNOUNCEMENTS

Computer Learning for Seniors, Inc. is sponsoring five
sessions for beginners, covering Operating Systems, Word
Processing, Databases and Spreadsheets. Classes are each
Saturday at a Maryland location from 9:30AM to 1:30PM.
Tuition is free, Registration and Lab fee is $25. These
classes are for age 50+. For information call 971-4490. For
reservation, send check to Computer Learning for Seniors,
Inc., P.O. Box 34210, Bethesda, MD 20817. Include your
SSN, date of birth, telephone no. for day and evenings, and
your address.

The Greater Baltimore Hamboreeand Computerfest will
take place on Sunday, April 6th, at Timonium, Maryland,
This event, sponsored by the Baltimore Amateur Radio Club,
Inc. "W3FT', is now in its 15th year and is the largest "Ham"
and electronic event in the Mid-Atlantic area. The Hamboree
started out as exclusively oriented toward "Ham" radio, but
with the advent of personal computers and other hi-tech
electronics, now supports both interests. Our sales areas
(Commercial, Flea-Market and Tuilgate) have many vendors
that offer great bargains on computers and parts.

6 April 1986 Washington Apple Pi

WAP

SUNDAY

MONDAY

- April 1986 +

SATURDAY

Monday 7th

Deadline

for Journal

Articles

7
Mac Begin.
Tutorial #1
7-10 PM
Office

14
Mac Begin.

Tutorial #2

7-10 PM
Office

12
DPub SIG
12 Noon
Where?

19
FORTH SIG
12 Noon
Of fice

21
Mac Begin,
Tutorial #1
7-10 PM
Office

Apple
Mac
9:00 USUHS

Ny WAP

SUNDAY

28
Mac Begin.
Tutorial #2
7-10 PM
Office

MONDAY

SATURDAY

Deadline
for Journal
Articles

12 Noon

19
Mac Begin.
Tutorial #1
7-10 PM
Office

17
FORTH SIG
12 Noon
Office

24 WAP
Meeting -
Apple // &
Mac
9:00 USUHS

Washington Apple Pi

26
Memorial
Day
Office
Closed

TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY
1 Apple//| 2 3 SigMac
Beginning 7:30PM-Lady|<-Thurs day
Tutorial #1 of Lourdes; {3rd contd.
7:30-9:00PM GameSIG-Off|DisabledSIG
Office 7:30PM ->|7PM-CCCC
8 Apple//| 9 10STOCKSIG| 11
Beginning |Executive |8Pm Office;
Tutorial 42|Board FAC Slice
7:30-9:00PM]7:30 PM 7:30 MRRID
Office Office Ft. Detrick
15 Apple//| 16 17 18
Beginning Pascal SIG
Tutorial #3 8:00 PM
7:30-9:00PM Office
Office
22 23 24 25
Apple /// JEDSIG
7:30 Chambr[7:30 PM
of CommercejOffice
Bldg. DC
29 30
BBS Comm,
Office
7:30 PM
* May 1986 *
TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY
1 SigMac
7:30PM-Lady|<-Thursday
ofLourdes; |1st contd.
GameSIG-0ff| DisabledSIG
7:30 PM 7PM-CCCC
6 Apple//]| 7 8STOCKSIG| 9
Beginning 8PM Office;
Tutorial #1 FAC Slice
7:30-9:00PM 7:30 MRIID
Office Ft.Detrick
13 Apple//| 14 15 16
Beginning [Executive |Pascal SIG
Tutorial 42|Board 8:00 PM
7:30=9:00PM17:30 PM Office
Office Office
20 Apple//| 21 22 23
Beginning EDSIG
Tutortal #3 7:30 PM
7:30-9:00PM Office
Office
27 28 29 30
BBS Comm, [Apple ///
Office 7:30 Chambr
7:30 PM of Commerce

Bldg, DC

April 1986

Apple /// SIG meets on the 4th
Wednesday of the month at 7:30 PM in
the Chamber of Commerce Bldg., 1615
H Street NW, DC. The April meeting
will be on the 23rd.

Apple //c meets each month after
the regular WAP meeting.

DisabledSIG meets on the first
Thursday of each month at the Chevy
Chase Community Center, 7:00 PM.
The next meeting will be on April 3.
See their news elsewhere in this issue.

dPub SIG (Desktop Publishing)
meets on the second Saturday of the
month at 12 Noon, WAP Office. The
next meeting will be on April 12,

EdSIG - the education special
interest group - meets on the 4th Thurs-
day of the month at the office, 7:30
PM. The next meeting will be on
April 24.

ForthSIG meets on the third Sat-
urday of the month at the office, 12
Noon.

GameSIG meets on the first
Thursday of each month at the office,
7:30 PM. The next meeting will be on
April 3. See their news elsewhere in
this issue,

LISA/MacXL SIG will meet at
8:30AM on April 26 just before the
main WAP meeting.

PIG, the Pascal Interest Group,
meets on the third Thursday of each
month at the office, 8:00 PM. The
meeting on April will be on Apple
Pascal and Artificial Intelligence (AT)
programming.

PI-SIG meets on the third Monday
of each month at the office, 8:00 PM.

SigMac Programmers meet on the
Ist Thursday of each month at Our
Lady of Lourdes School, 7500 Pearl
Sueet, Bethesda, MD. Macintosh and
Apple // meet together on the 4th
Saturday (general meeting) at USUHS
at 9:00 AM.

StockSIG meetings are on the
second Thursday of each month at the
office, 8:00 PM.

Telecom SIG meets after the regular
WAP meeting on the 4th. Saturday. @

Most members who can attend meetings probably remain
thoroughly confused about our schedules, and this meeting
was no exception. The meeting format published in the Jour-
nal is the desired modus operandi and will be adhered to when
possible. But, there was a special reason for any disappoint-
ments. Alan Kay was passing by. Strategy demanded new
plans and these were effected at last minute notice. We
importuned Alan to speak to the Club. Although I may
sound slightly mysterious about this our Editor had been
speaking to Mrs Kay, Alan’s mother, about the possibility of
Alan appearing at our regular meeting, and had asked Alan
himself while in San Francisco. It was only in the week prior
to the meeting that positive acceptance was evident. We all
apologize to members that there was insufficient notice to
inform people more generally of the impending illustrious
event.

It is with this possible disappointment in mind that a
separate article is devoted to relate Alan Kay’s presentation
entitled “A Research Project on how to Invent Computer
Agents” which is published elsewhere in this issue.

Alan performed from 9:30 to 10:50 to a packed audience
representing all sections of the membership. “Tax packages
for the Mac” took over at 11:00 in the auditorium whilst the
Apple Q & A was held in the cafeteria. The Mac Q & A was
at 12:15 until 1:45 in the auditorium. We really do intend to
have something for everyone and the future programs prove
we are trying!

My grateful thanks are extended to Ed Myerson who
chaired the Mac Tax meeting so praciously, and to Tom Gross
(TaxPro, which requires Excel), John Hudson (MaclnTax) and
Lynn Trusal (Excel templates). Ed presented TaxPrep (which
requires Excel). These members put a lot of time into their
preparation for the meeting. Thank you. Audio and video
tapes of the auditorium meetings are available. We need an
A-V tape library volunteer to co-ordinate and arrange the
mounting volume of this material! E

JOB MART

HELP WANTED: Secretary for congenial office in my
home in Colesville/White Oak area. Must have good typing,
filing, phone skills, computer experience preferred. Good
salary and benefits. 384-8877.

TUTORIAL SERVICE AVAILABLE: Apple Macintosh
computer instruction given in the general Frederick, MD area.
Instruction on the Macintosh and assorted software. Help
with pre-buy decisions. Personalized service and reasonable
rates. Call Lynn R. Trusal, (301) 845-2561, evenings, with
no calls after 10:00 PM. E

8 April 1986 Washington Apple Pi

RESEARCH PROJECT ON

Alan Kay is a jet-setting Apple Fellow who is partici-
pating in an Apple project at a Los Angeles elementary school
to study how form and action are perceived by children, and
how these perceptions and thinking may generate ideas to
improve computer relations with people.

Alan's presentation was a robust sound and graphics essay
mulling over the broad questions of the computer user-
interface. He utilized lecture style with video tapes and 2x2
slides. The scope and depth of his ‘essay’ would not have
been out of place at the National Academy of Science. This
account is an informal report of the meeting. For brevity's
sake "he said that's" and aspects of audience participation are
expunged. Also, names of pioneers are guessed from the tape
rather than researched and checked.

Alan Kay sharpened his wit at Xerox PARC (Palo Alto
Research Center) in the '70's where he developed his concepts
of the ‘Dynabook’, and later worked at Atari. I suspect he
developed many other things but his biography has not yet
been written. Alan is a lecturer in Computer Sciences and co-
founder of the Media Laboratory at MIT, and is an Apple
Fellow.

In a world with increasingly available information, are
computers truly helping people? Can computers ‘decide’ what
of the plethora of information users want to know? Can the
computer, as a servant, perform as a human agent? Amidst a
backdrop of brilliant graphics and children's fantasies, Alan
built a foundation of models illustrating human thinking and
fantastical research. Towards computer development, proph-
ets, philosophers, designers, and technicians need to gain
insight into how computers may better interact with humans.
Artificial Intelligence will never match the complexity of the
human brain, for which there are no dissectable models.
Rather more available then, studying the behaviour of ani-
mals, the rules of construction and hence motion and
response, may better provide a basis of how to think about
“things”.

The distant, manageable aim is development of computers
that better serve our ‘mechanical’ requirements. The Macin-
tosh is an excellent object orientated system but is a lousy
servant; it does not (intuitively) know what to do to help us.

Computing problems are as basic as deciding which
printer resolution to use and are further obfuscated by
questions of a geometric protocol or pixel-orientated graphics.
It is the shear volume of available data resources that is the
new big problem. The proliferation of networks has meant an
ever broader base of resources that we can log into. The
reason we need 'agents' is that there are so many networks our
resources are embarrassingly rich. The Macintosh can handle

Washineton Apple Pi

about a hundred “objects” and the Smalltalk browser can utilize
up to two thousand objects if one uses the system every day,
but now in America there are about ten thousand networks all
of which have resources. By 1995 there may be up to one
hundred thousand networks. By then the chances of finding
something that will be of use to us will be vanishingly small.
Information retrieval will not be the answer, because if one
spends all one’s time probing we cannot be sure the results
will be useful. In the late '50's McCarthy suggested systems
such as an ‘advice taker’ that would handle transactions as a
symbiotic servant. In 1965 Oliver Selfridge called these
‘agents’ and now in 1986 we realize we should be working on
these questions. This talk then 1s on how to invent computer
agents.

Historically, a trip from the earliest real-time graphics to
the present day illustrates the development of the Macintosh
and points the way beyond. In 1962 “Sketchpad” was the first
graphics system and the first non-procedural programming
system on a TX-2, with which lines were drawn perpendic-
ular, parallel and co-linear. The constraints were solved in
real-time. When asked how this first object orientated system
was invented within one year, it was said that they didn’t
know it was hard. On to 1969 at Rand Corporation, a system
which was the forerunner of window control had no keyboard
to benefit an economist who didn’t like to type. This was a
hypertext system using icons borrowed from PARC. Text
was entered in script, and was the first modeless system;
GRAIL - Graphics Interface Language.

Transition to showing slides was almost the undoing of
the talk; No, they don't start at #1! What can I say? If you
must have a disaster you might as well have communications!
The audio-visual complexity currently at USUHS is a recipe
for disaster. Harmann (in Germany, 1960) showed 10,000
slides to 20 people at 10 seconds apart; of this myriad of
images all 20 demonstrated >90% recall even after three
months. Apparently we have three major mentalities;
muscular, visually image-based, and symbolic. Pointing at
things is muscular. These are our icons. The hard thing is
making visually concrete things symbolic. A 12-year old girl
wrote a Smalltalk-72 program based on ‘Sketchpad’ in 1975
in 50 lines for an Altos graphics program. A 15-year old
wrote an 80-line program to help him design ham radio
circuit diagrams. The computer problem is that these
examples are great but they do not relate to ordinary people
using computers. Apple has achieved half of the equation
with the user interface but the user tailoring is terrible. The
Mac is beautifully dressed but the handshake is soggy.

Film of a particularly intriguing individual with a
handsome wristwatch showed some neat tricks on a huge
screen. This was a map simulation (at Atari) in which the
Operator pointed to parts of the screen in answer to the
computer asking “where” to place graphic items. This clip
ended with creation of a ‘red cruise ship’ named Corporate

April 1986 9

Research” and then to the command “Delete Corporate
Research”; *pac-man' chomped across the screen gobbling up
the ship. Notwithstanding the resulting audience hilarity, this
represents use of a 3-D pointing device that the operator was
wearing. Alan predicts that this agent will represent
computing of the future, that the *computer' will be like a
cellular telephone, the operator moving from node to node.
The computer will be his personal agent following him from
room to room ready to do his bidding.

Artificial Intelligence is fine but as an agent it should say
what it can do for you and also what it cannot. It should be
treated not as an oracle but, like a librarian, as a guide. We
need new ways to perfect agents to give the user information
on the limitations of the computer interface. Expert systems
are also useful but they do not learn. They are like bees with
only 24-hour memories. So, development of Artificial
Intelligence systems should not be modeled on insects, but
also should not be like humans who have language which
makes things very complicated to understand what the brain
might be doing. We should be like the neurobiologists who
study a variety of animals, look at their behaviour and try to
understand how they work,

The Project. The protocol calls for a Vivarium, an
environment in which animals can roam around. Apple has
taken on a elementary school in Los Angeles for five years as
the project location. This is not a ‘special’ school but it
certainly does special things for the children who are a
representative proportion of the ethnic population of LA.
They are unusual in that they have ripped-up their playground
to build a farm! Alan is very enthusiastic about this school
where the first graders can already write, aided by movie-frame
drawings on the lefthand side of their notebooks. Visual ‘feel’
is a powerful aid to writing. The farm is managed by the 2nd
and 3rd graders, and the 1st graders bake cookies. An example
from the curriculum is an ocean, a complex ecology of many
things working together. The children study them and write
reports. One item would be fish and so a fishpond was built in
order to study animals. Animals are important to the children
because they represent real things, but in a computer
simulation they are caricatures of the real thing. They can
manipulate the behaviour of the animals in models and
pictures but they must be taught that they are not Gods and
that animals will express a life of their own. People from
Disney diffuse this part of the study into fantasy. The benefit
to the children is that they are presented with multiple levels
of understanding. There are many ways of understanding a
system. (Marvin Minsky says that we don't understand
something until we understand it in more than one way).

Pterosaur is in the dinosaur history books as the largest-
ever flying animal. This Pteradon had a wing span of 36 feet,
like a ‘young’ airplane, and had a head crest for balance but
lacked posterior stability. The children, as was their wont to
make models, wanted to become Pteradons and wrote a
charming song “Td like to be a big Pteranosaurus”.

Paul McCready (of Gossamer Condor and Gossamer
Albatross fame) has approached the Smithsonian to build a
life-size model of Pterosaur which would be capable of flight.
Test flights with a half-scale model have already happened in
the Mojave Desert, CA, and were filmed on 'IMAX'. The
latest film was premiered at the meeting. Alan gave Paul

10 April 1986

Call 241-5542

several Macintoshes which have inspired an on-board
dynamics and stablity control system adjusting the center of
gravity 100 times per second. Wing sculling motion gives
the ‘beast’ a certain amount of power and ground radio-control
provides direction control. Seeing the film was absolutely
fantastic. There will be some big event on these lines at the
Air & Space museum on June 10th, maybe a flight across the
Potomac? So, Paul McCready is engaged in the very same
business as the LA children.

Alan showed us this diversion to give us an idea of the
romance of studying animals, and simulating them. “It is that
romance shared by children and adults alike which powers this
project and gives it the life to allow us to do some invention."
“The preferred user interface may have windows but primarily
deals with process-modeling." MIT students have been
working on simulations with an Evans and Sutherland CTS
but are going to acquire a several million dollar CT6 capable
of 60 graphics frames per second. Several film clips showed
examples of techniques, especially the pastels of the Dance of
the Sugar Plum Fairies, air-brushed by hand, at 24 frames per
second. This hand-work will probably never be repeated. The
pastel-look is desirable in animations because impressionistic
trees and foliage appear inoffensive and not patently false. A
D.O.D. sponsored film of a Harrier exercise shows realistic
tree branches waving in the power-thrust wind. A beautiful
Digital Products 3-D film on an enormous 1000x3000 screen
showed an amazing fantasy trip into the atmosphere of
Jupiter.

“This [lecture] is a sketch of what this project is about. It
is not about fish or fantastic animals. It is a context for
thinking about things in Artificial Intelligence and computer
graphics that we haven’t had the motivation to think about
before. These animals have to survive in a complex
environment just like our ‘agents’ ten years from now will
have to survive in the network world of the future. Thank
you very much.” (6)

MPUTER CAMP ^

"E ee # intensive computer learning
ARES d on Apples, IBMs; for novices
w C thru experts
8 vigorous athletics.

including swimming, soccer

e FUN for kids 7 to 16!

The only ACA accredited camp
in DC -on the campus of
Mount Vernon College

Four two-week sessions
June 20 - Aug. 15
8:30- 3:00 M-F
extended day to 6:00

Washington Apple Pi

WAP HOTLINE For Use by WAP Members Only

Have a problem? The following club members have agreed to help other members.
VOLUNTEERS. Respcct all telephone restrictions, where listed, and no calls after 10:00 PM except where indicate
Hotline are reminded that calls regarding commercial software packages should be limited to those you have purchased, Please do

not call about copied software for which you have no documentation.

specified. “When requests are made to return calls, long distance will be collect.

General

Accounting Packages
Accountant(Dec.Sup.)

BPI Programs

Home Accountant
Howardsoft (Tax)

APPLE SSC
Apple TechNotes
AppleWorks

John Day
Dave Harvey
Robert Martin

Mark Pankin
Jaxon Brown
Otis Greever
Leon Racsly
Leon Racsly
Otis Greever
Bernie Benson
Joe Chelena
Jay Joncs (Balt.)
Ken Black
Ken DeVito

301
03
30

Communications Packages and Modems-Telecom.

Anchor Mark 12

Apple Modems
ASCII Express
BIZCOMP Modem
General

Vòt Smartmodem
MDM

Robotics Modem
SeriAll Comm. Card
Smartcom |
VisiTerm

XTALK CP/M Comm.

Computers, Specific
App e //c
LISA/Mac XL
Macintosh:

General

Chart

Comm. & Modems
Concertware
Digitizers

Excel

File Vision

Hard Disk

Helix

Inside Mac

Lang.-C,Pascal, XLis
Mach p

raw
MacLion (DBMS)
MacProject
MacTerminal
Muluplan

Music Works
OverVue
Spreadsheets

Spreadsheets&Graphcs

Sidekick

Word
Data Bases
dBase II

dBase II & III

DB Master

Data Perfect
Data Factory
General Manager
PFS

-Pro-4

Oro 11
isiPlot

Gcorge Kinal (7-10)
Jeremy Parker

John Day

Dave Harvey

Jeremy Parker

Tom Nebiker
Bernie Benson

Joe England (7-10)
Joan B. Dunham *
Joan B. Dunham *
Harmon Pritchard
Steve Wildstrom
Bernie Benson

John Day
John Day

Steve Hunt
Donald Schmitt
Rob Clark

Terry Monks
Steve Hunt

Skip Horvath
JoAnn Stewart
David Morganstcin
Steve Hunt

David Jamison(day)
Jim Berry | *
Harvcy Levine

Jon Hardis

Don Landing
Carolyn Komada
Tom Berilla

Mark Miani

Jay Lucas

Jon Hardis

John Boblitz

Don Landing
Steve Hunt

Walt Francis

Skip Horvath

J.T.(Tom) DeMay Jr.

David Morganstcin
Bob Pulgino

Ray Hobbs(7:30-10)
Marty Milrod

Paul Bublitz

John Staples

Ray Hobbs(7:30-10)
Jim Kellock (day)
Leon Racsly

Dave Einhorn
Leon Racsly

Bob Schmidt
Normand Bernache
Bill Etuc

Ginny Spevak

JJ. Finkelstein
John Staples

Leon Raesly

* Calls up until midnight arc ok.

Washington Apple Pi

202
301
301
703
301
216
301
301
301
301

621-7543
527-2704

1) 498-6074

524-0937
350-3283
262-5607
460-0754
460-0754
262-5607
951-5294
978-1816
969-1990
369-3366
960-0787

546-7270

229-2578
621-7543

951-5294

621-7543
621-7543

262-9080
334-3265

04) 850-2016

471-4610
262-9080

779-4632
972-4263
797-0879
490-7484
464-2154

261-4124
893-5985
490-7484
986-9522
460-0754
593-8420
460-0754
736-4698
935-5617
620-2103
362-3887
652-9375
893-5985
460-0754

Games - Apple //
Games - Mac
Hard Disks
Corvus & Omninet
Sider

A (A Epe on I-Integer, P=Pascal,

M=Machine)

UTP >>> >>>
zz

MS Basic
Math/OR Appius:
Monitor, RGB
Operating Systems
Apple DOS

CP/M
ProDOS

Printers
Gencral

AJ 831 series
Apple Color Plotter
Apple Daisy Whcel
Daisywniter 2000

Ip 460.
magewriter
MX BO
NEC 8023
Okidata

Scribe
Silentype
Spreadsheets

Lotus 1-2-3

Multiplan

Ms ht 2.0 MagicCalc)
rdsht. 2.0(MagicCalc

SiperCalc Ver. 3.0

Stat. Packages

Stock Market

Time-Sharing
Word Processors
Apple Writer Il

Format HH
Gutenberg
& Jr.
Letter Perfect
& Simply Perfect
Magic Window and II
Peach Text

PIE bl cido ts PIE
ScreenWriter

Supertext II
Word Handler
Word Juggler //e
Word Perfect
Word Star

April 1986

PLEASE, keep in mind that the

Charles Hall
Ron Wartow

Tom Vier (ABBS)
Jaxon Brown
Otis Greever

Louts Biggie

Peter Combes

Jeff Dillon

Richard Langston
Mark Pankin
Richard Untied
John Love
Raymond Hobbs
Donn Hoffman +
Bruce Field

Fred Nacf

Ray Hobbs(7:30-10)
Mark Pankin

John Day

Richard Langston
John Love

Adam Robic
Richard Unticd

Ray Hobbs (7:30-10)
Leon Racsly

Richard Langston
John Love

Walt Francis

Leon Racsly

Joan B. Dunham *
Joc England (7-10)
John Day

John Day

Bill Etuc

tare Greene

Jeff Stetekluh
John Day

Jeff Dillon

Bill Mark

Michael Proffitt
Dan Robrish

Phil Leber

Bruce Field

Leon Raesly

Walt Francis

Ray Hobbs(7:30-10)
Terry Prudden
Walt Francis

Leon Racsly

Leon Raesly

Mark Pankin
David Morganstcin
Robert Wood
Dave Harvey

Walt Francis
Dianne Lorenz
Leon Raesly

Henry Donahoc
Neil Muncy Can.
Harris Silverstone
Leon Raesly

Joyce C. Little
Carl Eisen

Jim Graham
Peter Combes
E. E. Carter
Peter Rosden
Vaupel
Carl Eisen
James Edwards
Joe England (7-10)
Dana Reil

Jon

Boi

301
Em
301

c listed are
sers of the

Telephone numbers are home phones unless otherwise

330-4052
654-4439

986-8085
350-3283
262-5607

967-3977
251-6369
422-6458
869-7466
524-0937
596-8816
569-2294
490-7484
578-8905
340-7038
471-1479
490-7484
524-0937
621-7543

869-7466
569-2294
460-6537
596-8816
490-7484
460-0754
869-7466
569-2294

966-5742
460-0754
585-0989
953-1949
621-7543
621-7543
620-2103

972-4263
893-9591
527-2704
966-5742
530-7881
460-0754
298-9107
298-3964
435-3582
460-0754

321-2989

350-3283

: | AS

Bulletin Board Operator Leon H. Raesly, L.C.S.W.
SYSOP Emeritus Tom Warrick SYSTEM 3 (986-4715)
Special Consultant Barry Fox Desktop Pub. Board SYSOP Mark Walter
Hard Disk Consultant Dave Harvey Press Releases Board
Programming Consultants Rick Mlodoch Tech Notes Board
Eric Rall EDSIG Board SYSOP Peter Combes
Karen Rall Apple-Link Board SYSOP Bernie Urban
Library File Programmer Mike Ungerman
BBS Files List SYSOP Jack Mortimer SYSTEM 4 (871-7978) SYSOP Lee Raesly
Group Purchase Files SYSOP Rich Wasserstrom The Classified SYSTEM - Hardware, Software,
Special Corvus Consultant Tom Vier Misc., Employment, Pi Officers/Volun. Boards
Indexing Committee - Chairman Emil Levine
Member Bonnie Walker SYSTEM 5 (890-8984 SYSOP Alice Allen
Member Jeff Berger The Journal & Indexes SYSTEM - currently on hold
SYSTEM 1 (986-8085) SYSOP Joe Chelena SYSTEM 6 (703-450-6822)
Hardware, Software, General & SYSOP John Gersic
Lafayette Park Boards SYSOP Joe Chelena The "Great Falls" Download Test Board
CP/M Board SYSOP Nick Veloz Assistant SYSOP Bruce Johnson
dBASE II Board SYSOP Nick Veloz
Apple /// Board SYSOP Carl Bowman SYSTEM 7 (301-662-3131)
Mat Prog. Board SYSOP Tom Parrish SYSOP Scott Galbraith
(The Frederick Apple Core Slice SYSTEM
SYSTEM 2 (986-8086) SYSOP Larry Halff The Cracker Barrel BBS)
MAC Hardware, Software & Macintosh Board SYSOP Kurt Holter
Gossip/Misc. Boards SYSOP Larry Halff
Telecommunications & BBS Committee - Chairman Lee Raesly
Telecom SIG Board SYSOP George Kinal Members - Douglas Canton Jr., Joe Chelena,
Games/GameSIG Brd. SYSOP Ron Wartow Joan Dunham, Barry Fox, Larry Halff, Dave Harvey,
BASIC Prog. Board SYSOP Mike Ungerman Dave Helfrick, David Kemp, Emil Levine,
AppleWorks Board SYSOP Ken DeVito Mike Ungerman, Tom Warrick, & YOU, if you attend! (5$

Commnts/Sugs. Board SYSOP Lee Raesly

Washington Apple Pi
Meeting Schedule
Beginning in March

9:00 39:30 11:00-11:15 12:45 2:00

Apple il Macintosh

Auditorium Program Program

Business
Meeting

Macintosh Apple li Special
Cafeteria Q&A Session Q& å Session Interest
and announcements and announcements Groups

Journal distribution and disk sales begin at 8:45
and go for as long as demand (and the supply of
volunteers to handle the demand) permits.

12 April 1986 Washington Apple Pi

TELECOM SIG NEWS

The Telecom SIG met after the WAP meeting on February
22 and was conducted by George Kinal. The meeting started
off with a question about ASCII Express, Professional, which
concerned a Menu 4 item on the "Here Is" character. This
item has to do with situations when dealing with systems like
TELEX. For most users this item can be ignored.

The new Hayes Smartmodem 2400 was discussed. There
are no dip switches on this modem, and for the most part the
modem is intelligent enough to figure out what should be
done. What is unusual about this modem is that it has non-
volatile memory and registers can be set. Then, when the unit
is turned off, the memory is not lost. It uses no batteries for
this capability. It can store telephone numbers, in addition to
settings for the registers.

There was discussion about failure modes for the X-
Modem protocol and how this protocol handles bad blocks
that are received. There seem to be bugs in the procedures of
some Macintosh communications software for handling situa-
tions where large portions of the blocks transmitted improp-
erly. The software hangs up and will not retransmit.

The highlight of the meeting was the demonstration of
The GEnie information utility. This is a new service offered
by the General Electric Company. It is just starting out now,
so much of its potential is still to be realized. The system is
designed very much like the Compuserve system, and some-
one who is familiar with that system would have no trouble
using GEnie. The Special Interest Groups (called Forums on
Compuserve) are very much like Compuserve. This is to be
expected, since the person who designed the Forums on
Compuserve is now working on the GEnie system. The cost
is very low compared to some of the other systems. It is just
$5 an hour non-prime time at both 300 and 1200 baud. There
is also no monthly minimum for the service. George passed
out descriptive literature on the service for those who were
interested in exploring it further. Gs}

by y John Preston

Attention Early Bird Lisa and Mac XL Users: There will
be a brief meeting in the USUHS cafeteria for interested
persons around 8:30AM, Saturday April 26, before the main
April WAP meeting. It is intended that this gath- ering will
end about 9:00AM, before the main Mac Q&A session. It is
hoped that this will be a forum to exchange tips and to answer
questions that pertain specifically to the XL/LISA users. Call
me at (301) 229-9154 for further information. (65)

Washington Apple Pi

APPLE TEAS
by Amy T. Billingsley —

What's an Apple Tea? An opportunity for Apple users to
get together in a small group setting to learn about a specific
phase of Apple computing, or just to share information and
ask questions.

How can you have one in your area? Plan to host one at
your home or another suitable location. Think of a topic of
general interest, settle on a date, and call me at 622-2203.
How could something so helpful be so simple! Start working
on yours today.

The following two teas are scheduled for April and May:

Washington Apple Pi
Northern Virginia Apple Tea
Wednesday, April 30, 7 - 9 PM
on APPLEWORKS - THE WORKS
Database, Word Processing and Spreadsheets

at the home of George & Delores Sall
7850 Southdown Road
Alexandria, VA 22308

Refreshments

Please RSVP to George Sall, 768-0212. Bring computer
if convenient - the more hands on, the better. Get directions
from George when you call. (It's on the river between
Alexandria and Mt. Vernon - close to American Horticultural
Society.)

Washington Apple Pi
Silver Spring, MD Apple Tea
Thursday, May 8, 7:30 PM
on GRAPHICS with Janice Hillman
at the home of Ed and Varda Fink
13325 Old Forge Road *
Silver Spring, MD 20904

RSVP to the above address or call the Finks at (301) 384-
3545. Bring computer if convenient.

* Directions: Take Route 495 to New Hampshire Ave N.
exit. Drive 4 miles to Randolph Road. Turn left. Drive to
Ist traffic light, Locksley Lane. Turn right. Drive to 2nd
Street on your left, Old Forge Road. 13325 is on the right
almost at the end of the street, 2 houses from Hawkesbury and
the elementary school. G

The Forth SIG meets on the 3rd Saturday of the month at
the WAP office. Starting April 19th, it will meet at 12:00
Noon instead of 10:00AM. Also, at the April meeting
elections will be held for a new SIG Chairman, since yours
truly has let his duties lapse for other interests. (5

April 1986 13

It may be hard to believe, but there have been quite a few
articles published in the WAP Journal over the past few
years conceming the Apple ///. In my continuing quest to
find every /// article I could lay my hands on, I went back and
took a look at all the past WAP Journals from DAY 1 and
was surprised at what I found.

This month, I get to share that information with you.
The WAP Office has copies of all back Journal issues, so
anytime you are interested in finding a particular issue, spend
a little time in the library. I might add that the WAP library
is probably one of your best sources of information on Apple
Computers around. I really don't know of any other group in
this area (and that could probably be expanded to most of the
nation) that has the fantastic resources that our own library
has. Now if there was only a little more space.....

In any case, you will notice that I have included a number

of articles that may not be considered to be totally Apple-///

specific. However, there were compelling reasons to list
articles dealing with various languages for the // and /// (like
Modula-2 and Fortran), Lap-Top Computers (which can be
hooked up to the /// as well as the other Apples), etc. So the
bottom line here was that I tried to compile a list of all
articles that, in this author's mind, related to the Apple ///.
(And yes...there is even one on the Mac...only because /// SIG
member Bart Cable wrote it...saying that despite its
capabilites...he'd still keep his ///, thank you).

This compilation covers up through the March, 1986
issue of the WAP Journal, by the way, so you have a
bibliography here that is as up-to-date as I could make it for
you. You should also note that I have not included a "month"
category. The Journal follows a January-December publishing
schedule so, January = Issue 1, etc. Enjoy!

SUBJECT TITLE AUTHOR VOL # YEAR PG(S)
111 Magazines Apple /// Newsletters and Magazines Ottalini 7 10 1985 12-13
AIM Apple /// for Me Update Ottalini 7 10 1985 13
AIM Apple /// Is For Me Ottalini 7 8 1985 38
Apple /// Flavors: Little Tidbits: Apple /// Chambers 3 2 1981 17
Apple /// Here, So Slowly, Comes the /// Cheren 3 3 1981 8
Apple /// The Not Too Slow Apple /// Is Great! Dow 3 4 1981 8-9
Apple /// Apple News Special Report: Apple Expo Violante 3 4 1981 13-15
Apple /// Update On the 'Big Apple' /// Dow 4 2 1982 13
Apple /// Apple Tech Notes Schenker 4 12 1982 24
Apple Computer Apple Reacts 7 11] 1985 28
Bibliography Open Apple Gazette Bibliography Ottalini 7 12 1985 11-12
Bibliography An Apple /// Bibliography - PT.2 Ottalini 7 9 1985 26-27
Bibliography Apple /// Articles: A Compilation Ottalini 7 8 1985 37-38
Books Apple /// Bookshelf Ottalini 7 7 1985 16-17
Compuserve Calling Compuserve with the Apple /// Cable 6 9 1984 29
Compuserve The Compuserve Connection Cable 6 11 1984 46
Computer Sales Thinking of Selling Your Computer... O'Connor 5 8 1983 44
Demo Program Taking Apart the Apple /// Demo Program Ottalini 7 11 1985 12+
Lap Computers Lap Computers as Apple Accessories :2 — Kinal 7 12 1985 34-35
Lap Computers Lap Computers as Apple Accessories :1 Kinal 7 11 1985 24
MAC Steve Wozniak Brings MAC to DC Cable 6 4 1984 26
Modual 2 : 1 Introduction to Modula 2 Platt 6 1 1984 42+
Modula 2 : 2 Introduction to Modula 2 Platt 6 2 1984 26-27
Modula 2 : 3 Introduction to Modula 2 Platt 6 3 1984 24-25
Modula 2 : 4 Introduction to Modual 2 Platt 6 4 1984 34-36
Modula 2 : 5 Introduction to Modula 2 : Input/Output Platt 6 5 1984 30
News Apple /// News Ottalini 7 12 1985 10
Pascal Writing Business Letters with Pascal Klonsner 3 9 1981 40-42
Pascal The Apple Pascal Express Root Stokes 5 8 1983 8-10
Programming Some Suggested Programming Standards Askew 4 6 1982 36-42
Review Titan ///+][ EM Board De Jong 7 6 1985 29
SIG News Apple /// SIG News Ryan 7 12 1985 9
SIG News Apple /// SIG News Konvalin § 5 1983 30
SIG News Apple /// SIG News Hershey 5 7 1983 39
SIG News Apple /// SIG News Ryan 7 10 1985 10+
SIG News Apple /// SIG News Askew 4 6 1982 13
SIG News Apple /// SIG News Hershey 5 7 1983 39
SIG News Apple /// SIG News Ryan 7 1 1985 9
SIG News Apple /// SIG News Ryan 7 2 1985 24

April 1986

contd,

Washington Apple Pi

SUBIECT TITLE AUTHOR VOL # YEAR PGS)

SIG News Apple /// SIG News Ryan 7 4 1985 5
SIG News Apple /// SIG News Ryan 7 5 1985 43
SIG News Apple /// SIG News Ryan 7 6 1985 28
SIG News Apple /// SIG News Ryan 7 7 1985 15
Software Buying /// Software Ottalini 7 6 195 30
Users Group A Users Group Burger 7 9 1985 60-61
VisiCalc VisiCalc Formulas in Screen Format Raesly 5 11 1983 58-59
1986 WAP Journal Articles:

Apple /// The Best of the Apple ///: Part 2 Ottalini 8 3 1986 14-15
Apple /// Best /// Pics in '86 Pt. 1 Ottalini 8 2 1986 14-15
Basic The REM-arkable REM Hayman 8 3 1986 28-31
Forth "Print Using" for Forth Page 8 2 1986 32-33
Forth Square-Root Routine for Forth Page 8 3 1986 33
Lap Computers Lap Computers as Apple Accessories Kinal 8 3 1986 25«
Lap Computers Laptop Computers :3 Kinal 8 1 1986 20-23
Pascal/Modula-2 Pascal and Modula-2 Implementations Platt 8 2 1986 36-37
Review Basic-Pascal Translation: A Review Rusk 8 3 1986 34
Review Views And Reviews Hobbs 8 1 1986 32+
Yearend Review A Look Backward...and a Look Forward — Ottalini 8 1 1986 28-29 È

APPLE // DRIVERS ~

Thanks to our good friends at ATUNC, the Apple Three PRINTER Apple-Parallel 2K
Users of Northern California, a complete list of the sizes of PRINTER Grappler-Par 4K
various Apple /// Drivers is being developed. This RS232 Apple 3K
information can be of critical importance, since drivers take up FMTDX Apple-Formatter 1K
plenty of memory. CATALYST Quark 10K

The key to using drivers in a particular program is to QUARKCOM + UNUSEDI-6 Quark 1K
simply never install any more than you absolutely need. If PROFILE Apple Hard disk 1K
you don't need an .RS232 driver, for example, use the System .ONTIME On Three 2K
Utilities Program and its System Configuration Program to .ATTACH 1K
delete it. The SCP will tell you to begin with what is in AUDIO Apple 1K
your driver file, allow you to edit them, etc. PKASO/U Complete 5K

If your driver file gets too big, you may have to make a PKASO/U Mini 1K
separate boot diskette containing SOS.Kemal, SOS.Interp and .TMPDX.CODE Microsci 143 SK
SOS.Driver, with the rest of the program on a second diskette. .TMPFMT.CODE Microsci Formatter 5K @

Again, your System Utilites Program will let you do that, or
you can also use the Filer in Pascal.

The following list of Driver file sizes is the latest com-
piled by ATUNC. If you have any additions, etc. let me
know and we'll add them to our list and pass them along to
the folks on the West Coast as well.

ALL HOURS CONSULTANTS

CHECK OUR HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE PRICES
MONITORS, MODEMS, PRINTERS AND BOARDS

DRIVER NAME FOR/FROM SIZE

kkkkKKKKKKKDRINTER SPECIALS*********kx
.CONSOLE Apple 7K I
CONSOLE Pe iii 10K Citizen (120D $229.QQ) (MSP18 $329)
RAM Titan ///+//e 13K Price our IBM PC/XT's and compatables!
.PPRINT D.A.Data Systems 2-30K
SPOOLER Quark 6K.
SPOOLSTATUS Quark 6K. *DISK SPECIAL* BOX NASHUA 1D'S $8.75
GRAFIX Apple SK ALL ITEMS ADD 5$ MD SALES TAX.
PRINTER Apple-Serial 2K CALL ALL HOURS 236-4004

Washington Apple Pi April 1986 15

Q&A

by Bruce F. Field —

I have heard there is a program in the public domain
which speeds garbage collection in Applesoft. To date 1
have been frustrated in obtaining the specific reference for
this code. Can you help?

The program you are looking for was written by Randy
Wiggington and was originally published in Call-
A.P.P.L.E., January 1981, pp. 40-45. It was re-
published in Call-A.P.P.L.E. In Depth, Volume 1, "All
About Applesoft”, pp. 25-33. A couple of corrections
have recently been discovered by our readers and reported
in this column. First, the SBC STREND at line 55 in
the "All About Applesoft" (AAA) version should be
SBC STREND+1; the original version is correct.
Secondly, as published the routine works, but actually
goes through the garbage collection process twice each
time garbage collection is required. The solution is to
remove the JSR NZTAB at line 60 AAA version, line 59
original version, and insert a JMP NZTAB immediately
before the line labelled FNDVAR2, line 65 AAA
version, line 64 original version.

The code for all the routines in "All About Apple-
soft" is available on diskette from A.P.P.L.E., product
code SIN1, for $16.50. The "All About Applesoft"
publication is available for $7.00. Both prices are for
A.P.P.L.E. members, non-members add 10%.

Mike Salzman wrote with an interesting observation
on this same topic: "I have been using FAST
GARBAGE COLLECTION for some time now. I
wanted to hear how often garbage collection was taking
place, so I added the JSR $FF3A after line 59 when 1
changed STREND to STREND+1. I would get a beep if
I called fast garbage from the keyboard, but not from
within my program. The problem was the bell call
$FF3A. If your current output device does not have a
bell, you will not hear the call. The bell call at $FBDD
is not dependent on the output device and would beep
under program control. For awhile I thought Rod
Serling had come to visit me."

Good point Mike, the problem is the the subroutine
in the monitor at $FF3A just sends the ASCII bell
character ($07) to the output device. The software for the
screen traps this character and calls the routine at $FBDD
that actually beeps the speaker. Some printers and other
devices just don't bother with the bell.

I have an IBM PC at work and an Apple at home. I'd
like to find a way of transferring data from my PC so I
can work at home on it with the Apple. I know that one
way is to use a modem but our security regulations do
not allow us to connect modems to our machines.

It just so happens that there is a product called Tumover
that consists of a half-size card and software for the PC
that allows the PC to read and write 5 1/4" disks in
Apple format. It is produced by Vertex Systems, Inc.,
Suite 3, 6022 W. Pico Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90035,

April 1986

floppy and hard disk on the PC. The Turnover board
plugs into the PC, the standard PC floppy disk drives are
plugged into the Tumover board, and a small jumper
from the Tumover board plugs into the original disk
controller board in the PC. When disabled the board is
transparent and the PC functions as a normal PC. When
the Tumover software is used you can transfer files
written in Apple DOS 3.3, ProDOS, Softcard CP/M,
Apple // Pascal, and Apple /// SOS, to an MS-DOS
formatted disk. Similarly you can initialize a disk in
Apple format and write selected PC files to it in DOS
3.3, ProDOS, CP/M, or /// SOS format.

A utility program is also included to modify the MS-
DOS files to strip the high bit, add or remove line feeds
and Carriage returns, or replace strings. This is claimed
to permit Apple VisiCalc files to be used with Lotus 1-2-
3. There is also a utility to convert Apple binary files to
MS-DOS binary files by stripping off the address and
length header of the Apple binary file.

Of course this may be only part of the problem. If
you are interested in transferring ASCII text files, then
Tumover should work fine. If you need to transfer
specially formatted files, i.e. database or spreadsheet files,
additional manipulation of the files may be necessary and
require that you or a knowledgable person write a special
program to do the conversion. This may be more trouble
than it's worth; dump the PC at work and get another
Apple.

I need help in setting the serial ports on my Apple //c to
use with an odd-ball printer. Booting the System
Utilities disk does this until the next cold start, but it
takes forever and means interrupting the work I'm doing.
I have tried setting the port from BASIC by issuing a
Ctrl-D and PR#1 followed by Ctrl-I and the appropriate
codes for the port. I've tried this several ways, on startup
before loading ProDOS, from a BASIC program, and as
direct commands with BASIC in RAM. Each time it
works once, but after I retum to the monitor, it seems to
forget the serial settings, as if I had done a cold start. Do
you have any suggestions?
Once you set the ports the settings should remain
undisturbed until you do a cold start or a program modi-
fies them. Possibly one of the programs you are using
is changing the settings. One way to simplify the setup
procedure is to create a text file that contains the
necessary codes. You can use any word processor that
creates standard text files. Type in the commands exactly
as you would if you were typing them directly from the
keyboard in BASIC. Save the file with some easily
recognizable name such as "serial.setup”. Whenever you
want to setup the port type "EXEC serial.setup" from the
Applesoft prompt. This will replay the commands in the
text file and set up the port. You can also use the file
contd.

Washington Apple Pi

from a BASIC program using the Ctrl-D character, i.e.
100 PRINT CHR$(4)"EXEC serial.setup”.

When I use my Okidata printer in correspondence quality
mode the top of the lower case a is curled down. Is this a
printer problem?

Yes, in a way. In correspondence mode the Okidata
makes two passes for each letter with a small line feed in-
between the passes. Sometimes the line feed does not
move the paper correctly. Check that there is very little
play in the platen. If you're using pin-feed paper make
sure the friction feed rollers are disengaged. Excessive
friction in pulling the paper into the printer can also
cause a problem. It might help to move your stack of
paper so that it doesn't get caught on anything on its way
to the printer. There is always a little backlash in the
gears so that when you tum the platen knob to adjust the
paper, the next line feed is likely to be incorrect. To
eliminate this, do a line feed before printing anything.
The Imagewriter also has this problem.

When I print out two columns using AppleWorks, the
margins come out ragged even when I put a carriage
return at the end of each line.

Check that the width of an "m" character is the same as
for an "i" character. Your printer may be set for propor-
tional size characters. AppleWorks assumes all the
characters are the same width.

I have Cali Waiting service on my telephone but
whenever I am using my modem with a BBS and a call
comes in it disconnects me. Is there anything I can do
about this?

When the other call comes in it temporarily disconnects
the line and the modem hangs up because the carrier from
the other modem has disappeared. With some modems
(Hayes, Hayes compatibles, and possibily some others)
you can set the amount of time the modem waits ull it
hangs up after loosing the carrier. Of course it has to be
set long enough on your modem and on the BBS modem.

I have the newer version of AppleWorks and as you can
see from the top line I am having problems. I just need
to get rid of the "ON" that gets printed on the top of the
first page. For hardware I have an enhanced //e, Wesper
Micro "Wizard-SOB" serial buffer card, and a Diablo 620
printer. None of the manuals give a clue as to proper
control codes. Do you by chance have an answer?

I think I've answered a question like this before, but since
it seems like a common problem once more won't hurt.
As long as you are using version 1.2 or later it shouldn't
be difficult to fix it. AppleWorks sends an initialization
string to the printer interface card when it first begins
printing. The default value for this string is Ctrl-I 80N
and this is supposed to be trapped by the interface card
and set it to print 80 columns on the printer with the
video display turned off. Unfortunately not all interface
cards recognize this command. Despair not, it is relative-
ly easy to change it in versions 1.2 and later. From the
main menu select (5) Other Activities, then (7) Specify

Washington Apple Pi

information about your printer(s), choose Change printer
specifications for your printer, under Change a Printer
choose (5) Interface cards. Follow the instructions to
change the control characters, Ctrl-I 80N. When asked to
type the exact control characters required, type ^ (caret) to
end the string with nothing in it. This will probably
work with your interface card. If you still have problems
you might try setting the string to Ctrl-I ON, as this has
been reported necessary for some interface cards.

My Duodisk drive occasionally gives me VO Errors and
then I find that the disk I'm using has bad blocks.
Usually the bad blocks are on track 0. Before I take a
trip to the dealer is there anything I can do?

I suggest that you tum off the power to your Apple and
disconnect and reconnect all the cables to your disk drive.
Also remove and re-insert the disk controller card. The
connectors develop an insulating oxide layer that can
Cause intermittent failure. You could also clean the edge
connector on the bottom of the disk controller card using
a soft pencil eraser; be sure you wipe away all the
erasures with some isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol.

If you have problems reading a disk, especially disks
written awhile ago, or disks written on another machine,
the problem may be the drive speed and can be measured
using any of a number of public domain disk drive speed
programs. Track O is only written at initialization time.
Since you are finding bad blocks on track 0, presumably
with the drive that isn't suspect, it sounds like you have
an interrmittent failure that causes the bad drive to write
to the disk when it should only be reading, or writing to
the wrong track. That's why I suggested the contact
problem. Alignment of the read/write head in the drive
should only affect tracks that are currently being written,
and should not trash other tracks. Adjustment of the head
should be done by a dealer anyway.

I'm thinking of adding a large Ram card, but all that I'm
reading about them has me confused. 1 understand that
not all programs work on them and thus I'm trying to
figure out if it's worth buying one of these cards. What
kind of programs make use of these Ram cards?
You are right that not all programs work with all Ram
cards. Adding a Ram card to your Apple does not auto-
matically increase the amount of memory available for
all your programs. Each program must be written
specially to use the extra memory. And, Applesoft won't
use it at all unless you buy a special patch program for
it. Unfortunately (except for the extended 80-column
cards for the //e) different manufacturers use different
methods for accessing the cards, so even if a program
works with a card from one manufacturer it may not
work with a different brand. One solution is to use a
"pre-boot" disk that Ram card manufacturers supply to
modify popular software to work with their cards. For
example Applied Engineering supplies software to
modify AppleWorks so that it can use their Ram cards up
to 3 megabytes.
My recommendation is NOT to buy a Ram card until
you know what software you wish to use with it.
contd. on pg 41

April 1986 17

KEYBOARD MODIFICATIONS

During the last month I've received several inquiries
regarding how to modify the //e's keyboard for persons with
disabilities. While these modifications have been published
previously, almost two years ago, the need exists to repeat
them.

Locking Keys. Several commands require the simul-
taneous stroking of two keys. And, for most of us it is
relatively easy to hold down the Ctrl or ESC keys while
touching another. But, for those who find that impossible,
accessing the computer can prove frustrating. The simple
"fix" is to take your Apple into your dealer and have the
switches under the keycaps replaced by the locking type
switch that underlies the CAPS LOCK. Replacement
switches cost $4 (plus labor). If you're handy with a low heat
soldering iron, you can do this easily yourself, but I've found
that recent purchasers of Apples are more reluctant to enter the
machine themselves.

Disabling the //e's Auto-Repeat. Persons who lack the
fine motor controls which allow quick removal of the fingers
from a key can find an unwanted string of characters flashing
across their screen. Here's how to rectify the situation:

Turn off your //e, and remove the top. On the right front
quadrant you'll find the Encoder IC; it's marked KR 3600-017.
GENTLY remove this chip from its socket. Pin 1 of the chip
is identified by a dot on the case. Count back to Pin 5 and
GENTLY bend this pin out 90 degrees. So that the repeat
function is not permanently disabled, one of two methods can
be used:

1) Attach a short wire (4 inches) to a mini test clip (Radio
Shack 270-372) and strip 4mm of insulation from the other
end of the wire. Insert the bare wire end into the Sth socket
and reinsert the Encoder chip CAREFULLY into its socket.
When you want to activate the repeat function you merely
have to attach the test clip to PIN 5 which is sticking out.
This, of course, requires that you open the Apple's case each

KEYBOARD CONN LI

ENCODER CHIP

TI DEAD ki L

April 1986

time you want to make the change. The alternative method,
though initially more difficult, is...

2) Solder two long (about 12 inches) wires to a SPST
toggle switch and mount the switch in one of the unused ports
on the back panel. Each of the wires should have 4mm of
insulation stripped from the other end. One of the wires
should be CAREFULLY soldered to PIN 5, which should be
sticking out at 90 degrees. The other bare wire end should be
placed into the Sth socket and the Encoder reinserted CARE-
FULLY.

KEYTALK: A Software Review

KEYTALK is billed as a beginning literacy activity, and
is designed for developmental ages 3 to 8 years. Itis distrib-
uted by Programs for Early Acquisition of Language (PEAL
Software), 2210 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 806, Santa Monica,
CA 90403-5784. Telephone (213)451-0997. Cost - $69.95.

KEYTALK developed out of research by Dr. Laura
Meyers, a linguist, whom we've had the pleasure of having at
past meetings and writing about. Dr. Meyers has worked with
disabled infants and children who would have been rejected
long ago by practitioners of traditional therapeutic approaches.
Because she came from a background in linguistics, rather
than remedial medicine, she didn't know that the things she
was about to do were impossible.

Meyer's view is that the most powerful programs are the
simplest. Not designed to show off the whiz-bang capabilities
of the computer, the programs draw the child in to give him
or her command. Focus is on the the cognitive task and not
on the commands to make the computer run.

Other than learning the need to use the space bar between
words, the return key at the end of the line, and what punctua-
tion marks will do (and these can be picked up during the
exploration) the child is in control from the beginning. The
six commands: Talk; Print; Find; Save; New; and Erase are
mnemonically accessed and with minimal supervision can be
readily learned.

The Talk command suggests the program's primary feature -
-it talks. Of course it needs some aid--that of an Echo II or
Echo+ speech synthesizer. The Echo is made by Street
Electronics which also makes the Cricket for the //c, but
you'll have to check with PEAL about compatability for that
configuration. It definitely works with the ][+ and //e.

I have a disabled child who has speech and language
difficulties. His first approach to KEYTALK, and with mini-
mal intervention on my part, paralleled Meyers' notes in
which she stated that her goal was to enable children to active-
ly participate in leaming by making that learning personally
meaningful to him. Let me explain how that worked,

My son knows names, telephone numbers, and even the
spelling of many words (learned by rote) that are meaningful
to him. But, it is a long, arduous process for him to learn
new words in the sense that he integrates the individual letters,
letter strings, their sound and their meaning/association.
What he first did was type in names and telephone numbers
which he knew. After each keystroke the letter or number is

contd. on pg 21

Washington Apple Pi

Vision Disabilities —
by Boris Levine

Those of you who stayed till the end of the meeting under
auspices of the DisabledSIG (September 1985) got to see a
fast ten-minutes-worth of two programs I had written to help
some disabled children. And when Adrien Youell asked me to
write up something on these programs I, with your applause
thundering in my ears, agreed. (Took a while, though). Now
read on for a discussion of one of them.

e" 9

WHY "BIG LETTERS?

The program "BIG LETTERS" displays letters that are
about twice the size of the normal Apple characters. It was
written originally for a kindergarten-aged child with a disabil-
ity tied in some way to seeing-problems; it was directed
toward helping her type any letters she chose, to recognize the
letters she 'wrote', and then tie them into words.

DISCUSSION

Lets take a look at what makes this kind of program
different and, in its way, helplful. And, as a guide let's use a
set of principles listed in my article in the September 1985
WAP Journal:

Support the teacher

Treat the computer as a tool

Use computer technology that exists

Use existing program

Use computers to increase the independence of the user
Make use of whatever capabilities the person may have
Keep it simple

The program started when the teacher described a
kindergarten student: "We don't know whether she's mildly
retarded, afflicted with some unique vision problems, or both".
There were computers at the school, but she had not reacted to
the displays. Would larger letters be of any help? Perhaps.
Let's try.

Where to get large letters? As they say in industry ...
"Make or Buy". To be brief, I settled on an existing program,
Apple Mechanic (here abbreviated A/M). By so doing, I
avoided 're-inventing the wheel' and much lost time in
debugging a new alphabet. . True, it came with some problems
(discussed below) but nothing like those I avoided.

What can she do? "She can use a typewriter keyboard,
slowly. She can see the letters but she's not well coordinated.
She is very calm and patient." This much allowed the use of
the Apple keyboard, with no mechanical modifications. Use
GET, rather than INPUT, because it does not need the extra
Carriage Return.

Minimize ‘crashes’. A/M does include an ONERR GOTO
routine but that takes the user out of the program, and that's
not whats wanted. So, to start, there is a short subroutine
which confirms that the user wants to be in this program.
(This reduces the frustration of being locked into the wrong
program.) There are others which shunt the user back to the

Washington Apple Pi

"BIG LETTERS" : A Program for People With

program after pressing a wrong key.

Put the instructions right on the screen; this simpifies
matters for the teacher and eliminates the separate instruction
pamphlet. More, when the subroutine changes, the instruc-
tions change. (This is easier than it sounds, because we have
only lines 21-24 to clear). Most useful when going to and
from CORRECTIONS.

Provide for automatic end-of-line? For letters only it really
doesn't matter except that the letters should move down
automatically (i.e., without Carriage Return). But for a child
making the jump from letters to words and simple sentences
this is important. It was also one of the exasperating
problems and is also discussed below.

Increase independence. Put as many options under the
user's control. Thus, the child can with no help from the
teacher, enter letters and make words, go to the next line,
make corrections, exit from the program and, optionally, even
clear the screen and start over.

Make the corrections process simple. That is, if a wrong
letter or letters are entered, make the computer do the complex
parts of the task.

The program is by no means in final form; it has been
changed several times and, as we learn more, will be improved
further.

To start, let's note a few things:

As a friendly voice from the audience commented, the
large letters are courtesy of "APPLE MECHANIC". And in
response to Beagle Bros.’ polite but firm statement in their
literature, their copyright is acknowledged in the listing.

The program is actually quite short: it comprises an
introduction and entry procedure (600-1199), a corrections
subroutine and a series of operating instructions which make
it pretty much self-contained - see Listing. Plus, of course,
the extract from A/M (50-500); this is not so short, and in the
inimitable Kersey style, is very compactly written. It uses
the Hires screen for the large letters and leaves four lines at the
bottom for conventional text. (NOTE: It is not included in
the print-out but is available on the disk.)

The operating instructions are displayed in the usual Apple
size and in the four lines at the bottom of the screen. They
begin with the option to continue or quit (this minimizes the
frustration of being locked into the ‘wrong’ program). They
then display instructions for entering the letters, plus options
to make corrections and, at any time, to leave the program.

The corrections subroutine (1200 to 1280) makes correc-
tions one letter at a time and returns to the entry procedure.
The 'how' is discussed later.

Several likely errors are 'trapped'. One is that all major
steps, like "Quit", call for confirmation before they are carried

out.
contd.

April 1986 19

One of the items discussed was how to provide the instruc-
tions: should they be displayed on the screen or provided
separately in a written guide. It was settled that they be
displayed because they would act as reminders for the teacher.
The child would at first ignore them and, later, use them to
work independently.

The program begins at line 600 with GET A$. Both
controls and text are entered here. The next several lines
permit A$ to 'drop through' several options, including QUIT.

The 'drop through' continues past line 710 which clears
the screen and reserves the bottorn of the screen for messages.
Line 730 selects alphabet 2 ( small standard) and locates the
protocol text at line 22. (Alphabet 3 is not used.) The next
several lines compare A$ with instructions for quitting,
carriage return, clearing the page entirely and .. later
„Specific instructions on correction and return. FINALLY ...
at line 790... A$ is entered into A/M, via GOSUB to line 100
where the large block letter font is designated.

The A/M portion is between lines 50 and 500 (not shown
in the listing below). It is compact and designed for easy
incorporation into other programs. Looking at it as a utility,
it permits the selection of up to three alphabets at line 50-53.
I chose block letters, small, standard and Apple. Text is
entered, one letter at a time, via a GOSUB in line 100. There
is a self-protecting ON ERR GOTO routine at line 55 which
jumps out of the program on error.

The large typeface is attractive and of course readymade,
but it presented several problems:

The letters are 'proportionally spaced'. This gives the text
a handsome look but gave me much trouble in two aspects:
corrections and end-of-line wraparound. Not to burden you
with my troubles, my solution was to give up on the
'proportional' and assign to each character the same spacing.

Corrections were still complicated. It would have been
nice to be able to back up to the beginning of the line and
rewrite the whole line (the technique which is built into A/M)
but both teacher and child protested. With fixed spacing, the
subroutine which was eventually worked out begins with the
last character, automatically backspaces and deletes each
character to be changed by overprinting in the background
color (usually black) and then returns to the main program
where the desired characters can now be entered.

Wraparound at the end of the line was handled by counting
characters. With room for 17 characters on a line, I arbitrarily
started looking for the first space after character 12 (could have
been 10 or 11 just as easily), but 5 letters back from the mar-
gin is a reasonable spacing to minimize break-up of words.

Another detail is to avoid BLOADING the shapefile every
time the program is booted. When it might be booted from
several programs, 1 PEEK at the first few characters in the
shape table location and, if thev match, skip the BLOAD line
(line 45).

Some other matters I would like to improve or simplify
are CORRECTIONS, the handling of wrong letters, and
perhaps the addition of a screen dump program.

Note particularly that, with the large letters, the user

20 April 1986

(doesn't have to be a child) can enter text, correct text and even
get rid of the current text and start anew...all without outside
help.

The entire program, A/M and all, is on disk. If you have
an interest in the program, give me a call.

LISTING

8 REM MAY 13,1985

9 REM

10 REM "BIG LETTERS"

11 REM BY

12 REM BORIS LEVINE

13 REM BETHESDA, MARYLAND

14 REM (301) 229-5730

15 REM

16 REM LINES 50-500 FROM APPLE MECHANIC

17 REM COPYRIGHTED BY BEAGLE BROS

18 REM

19 REM

20 REM aa do e o o de ode ade e ae oe a ade od ad e as khkkh

25 REM

30 DIM B$(30): REM STRING IN 830

35 REM LINE 45 TESTS FOR 'CURSORS' IN PLACE
BY PEEK(16384)

40 REM LOADSCURSORS'ONLY IF NOT
ALREADY THERE

4S IF PEEK (16384) = 12 THEN FLAG = 1: GOTO 51

501 REM

599 REM

600 REM INSTRUCTIONS OR QUIT

610 POKE TXT,0: REM RETAIN TEXT LINES

615 HOME

620 VTAB (22): PRINT "TO QUIT, PRESS /"

630 VTAB (23y PRINT "TO CONTINUE, PRESS
ANY OTHER KEY"

640 GET A$: IF A$ < > "/" GOTO 700

650 VTAB (24): HTAB (1): PRINT "IF YOU DO
WANT TO QUIT, PRESS / AGAIN "

660 GET A$: PRINT A$: IF A$ < > CHR$ (47)
GOTO 700

670 PRINT "/": PRINT "SO LONG"

680 FOR X = 1 TO 1000: NEXT X: TEXT

690 PRINT CHR$ (0): PRINT CHR$ (4);"RUN HELLO"

699 REM

700 REM INPUT TEXT

710 HOME : POKE TXT,0

730 FT = 2: VTAB (22): PRINT "TYPE YOUR TEXT,
ONE LETTER AT A TIME"

735 VTAB (23): PRINT "TO QUIT, PRESS / "

737 VTAB (24): PRINT "TO CORRECT, PRESS #. TO
CLEAR, PRESS %

738 GOTO 800

740 REM FROM 860

750 IF A$ = CHR$ (13) GOTO 1100: REM CARRIAGE
RETURN

760 IF A$ = CHR$ (47) GOTO 620: REM Y TO QUIT d
contd.

Washington Apple Pi

Nanm”

770 IF A$ = CHR$ (35) GOTO 1200: REM '#' TO
CORRECT
775 IF A$ = CHRS (42) GOTO 1300: REM '*' TO
RETURN AFTER CORRECTION
777 IF A$ = CHRS (37) THEN PRINT: HGR :HT = 1:
VT = 1: GOTO 700
780 IF ASC (A$) < 32 GOTO 1000: REM REMOVED
»90 TO USE LOWERCASE
785 IF A$ = CHRS (32) THEN HT = HT + 1
790 FT = 1: GOSUB 100: REM APPLE MECHANIC
LOOP
795 GOTO 820: REM RETURN FROM 780
800 REM INPUT AS ARRAY
810 1=0
820 I=1+1
825 IFI= > 18 GOTO 890
830 GET B$(I)
835 IF I > 12 AND B$() = " " THEN GOTO 890
840 REM
850 A$ = B$(I:HT =1*2
860 GOTO 740: REM RETURN TO INPUT
890 VT = VT + 3: REM DOWN 3 LINES
895 HT = 1: GOTO 810: REM START NEW LINE
1000 REM
1010 VTAB (21): PRINT " YOU PRESSED A KEY
THAT DOESN'T PRINT"
1020 FOR X = 1 TO 500: NEXT X
1025 VTAB (21): HTAB (1): CALL - 958
1030 GOTO 730
1099 REM
1100 REM CARRIAGE RETURN TO NEXT LINE
1110 VT = VT +3: REM DOWN THREE LINES
1120 HT = 1: REM BACK TO LEFT MARGIN
1130 GOTO 780
1199 REM
1200 REM CORRECTIONS
1210 REM :RETURN FROM 1295
1220 VTAB (22): HTAB (1): CALL - 958
1230 VTAB (22): FLASH : PRINT "PRINT LAST
LETTER TO DELETE”: NORMAL
1240 PRINT "WHEN FINISHED, PRESS * TO
CONTINUE "
1260 HC = 0: REM COLOR BLACK
1270 GET A$
1280 IF A$ = "*" GOTO 1300: REM EXIT
CORRECTIONS
1283 I=1-1
1285 FT = 1:HT = 2 * I: GOSUB 100
1290 REM RETURN FROM 1285
1295 GOTO 1210: REM CONTINUE CORRECTIONS
1300 REM FROM 1280. EXIT FROM CORRECTIONS
1310 VTAB (22): HTAB (1): CALL - 958
1320 FT = 2: VTAB (22): PRINT "TYPE YOUR TEXT,
ONE LETTER AT A TIME"
1330 VTAB (23): PRINT "TO QUIT,PRESS/ ^"
1350 VTAB (24): PRINT "TO CORRECT, PRESS
#.TO CLEAR, PRESS %
1370 HC = 3: GOTO 830

Washington Apple Pi

DisabledSIG contd. from pg 18

pronounced. When the spacebar is touched the preceding
string is uttered, and when a period is typed the entire sentence
is spoken.

What happened then is most important. Once he
exhausted the words and numbers he knew, he reached for
printed material that was available and typed that in.
Regardless of whether or not the print had visual meaning to
him it had aural meaning. Words which he understood sudden-
ly had meaning in their written form. Stories that were
otherwise read to him suddenly became something for him to
type in. The words had meaning and he was exercising
control.

As suggested earlier, Meyers favors exploration and
minimal supervision. Even otherwise meaningless character
strings provide learning as well as a laugh or two. Like
explorations in LOGO, if what you got is not what you
intended something is still learned. As a parent, rather than a
therapist or teacher, I cannot describe the reasoning behind
Meyers’ approach, but it seems to work and it certainly is
apPEALing (pardon the pun).

The program's packaging is unique, and designed for heavy
usage in a classroom setting. A colorful, stiffened, vinyl 12 x
15 inch page is punched for a three-ringed binder. It contains
pockets for the program disk, and the program's "Helpcard".

The Helpcard looks like the type of menu you find in a
Denny's restaurant. It is vinyl covered and folds open to show
six 9x12 inch pages. Two of those pages describe, clearly and
graphically, how to run and command KEYTALK. The front
page explains KEYTALK's research basis. And, the middle
three pages give overall suggestions and a total of twelve
activities of varying complexity. Each activity contains
suggestions of accompanying materials and prompts which
can let the parent or teacher individualize and support the
activity. All of this is impervious to the worst assaults of
peanut butter and jelly.

I should hasten to point out that though this program was
designed around and for children with disabilities, its approach
seems equally useful for all children as they begin to develop
literacy. As my son and I further explore the program's
capabilities, I'll try to keep you informed. Next month I'll
also report on two other programs designed for children as
young as 18 months.

. TYSONS CORNER CENTER'S
Homeinform

Information on Store Names,
Sales, Events, Restaurants,
Theatres, Gifts, Metrobus
Schedules and Much More

A
rr

Computer Access Number

(703) 893-0874

April 1986 21

First, a reminder: the April meeting is on April 3, 7:30
PM at the office. March's meeting covered a lot of ground.
Much new software was available for demonstration, review,
and discussion. Among these were the following:

ORBITER (Spectrum Holobyte) for 512K Mac, preferably
with external drive - a space shuttle simulation. Beta-test
version demonstrated, with permission, by Rick Stickle.

ELITE (Firebird) for Apple // series with 64K - an import
(Great Britain's Adventure Game of the Year for 1985, it says
here) with space travel and trading among 2000 planets.
Demonstrated by Ron Wartow, who was prevailed upon to
leave out a few of the planets. (By the way, we appreciate
Firebird's sending demo and review copies of this program by
UPS, to be available at this meeting..)

RINGS OF ZILFIN (Strategic Simulations) for Apple //
series - fantasy role playing with clever animation and
puzzles. Demonstrated by Dave Granite.

PHANTASIE II (Strategic Simulations) for Apple // -
fantasy role playing.

BRATACCAS (Mindscape) for 512K Mac - entirely
mouse run strategy-fantasy adventure.

BLACK CAULDRON (Sierra On-Line and Walt Disney)

for 128K //e or //c - a 3-D animated adventure by the
rogrammers of King's Quest.

P Copies of Chipwits (Brainpower) for the Apple // and the

Mac, and Holy Grail (Hayden) were given to members who

could guess Ron Wartow's shoe size and other esoterica.

We are printing in the Journal a letter from Mindscape,
responding to the review in the February issue of "The Halley
Project". Among other things, Mindscape thinks that som-
eone less knowledgeable about astronomy than our reviewer
would like the game more. G

SIERRA CHAMPIONSHIP BOXING: | A Review

by Richard Bollar

Sierra Championship Boxing is another foray into the
realm of computerized sports simulation. Traveling in the
footsteps of the classic Olympic Decathalon and Micro-League
Baseball, Sierra has designed an easily playable and enjoyable

game.

The game very carefully maintains the exciting air of a
Boxing match, from "The Tale of the Tape," a description of
the boxers’ characteristics, to the ring itself where the boxers
pile blows on each other. The animation is excellent, screen

refresh rates are fast even by Macintosh standards, and the
image masking is well executed.

Though the game is quite exciting, it would quickly
become boring if you didn't have control over the boxers’
play. Championship Boxing allows control over the boxers
in three ways. For the stout of finger, there is "Arcade
Mode." (Apologies to Fowler.) Arcade mode lets you control
each move that your boxer makes, from uppercuts to
cowering. It is the only real way to have complete control
over the player. Admittedly, I am a klutz when it comes to
arcade games, and my heavyweight boxer was willing to lose
to any lightweight. This brings to mind an old maxim:
“Those who can, do. Those who can't, teach." Sierra has
accomodated "The rest of us” with a coaching mode. You can

22 April 1986

tell you fighter to go for the kill, or to hang loose and wait
for the opponent to tire. Playing this mode I had better luck -
25% wins against the computer-controlled opponents. Okay,
so I'm not a good coach. That leaves the final hope for
revenge: The Training Room, The Training Room is my
favorite part of the game. You can almost smell the sweat.
(Oh, never mind. That's my laundry basket sitting next to the
Mac.) Here you can add to Sierra's already impressive stable
of fighters, past and present, by answering a series of
questions on your new fighter's career. I created a "super
fighter.” Rum Wertaw was a superfighter. With totally
Outrageous characteristics, he knocked out Rocky Marciano
with one punch. I also added a few local fighters who aren't
on the list, and enjoyed them getting creamed. One match
between Hulk Hogan (a creation of mine constructed from
Wrestling Today articles) and Cassius Clay had interesting
results....

If you like sports simulation games, you'll find this game
right up your alley. Some others will enjoy creating their
own boxers. Highly recommended, but not for the squeamish
or morally disinclined, not anyone who would read anything
I've written, I'm sure.

Washington Apple Pi

"A View to a Kill" is an interactive fiction adventure game
from Mindscape. It is based on the screenplay from the James
Bond film of the same name.

Now, being from the old country I have a soft spot for the
James Bond genre. I therefore looked forward to giving this
game the once over. The documentation is nicely done and
tha packaging is attractive so my appetite was further whetted.

My first session with the game was not highly sucessful!
Certainly this was largely due to my ineptitude in not finding
a way to dispose of a sneering Russian Officer. As M always
gets his agents home I found myself back in London many,
many times in complete disgrace! That I could take. What I
really found the most frustrating part was the length of time it
took to retrieve the situation by recalling a saved game.

The game is very disk intensive. It accesses the disk after
virtually every command during the game. The initial boot
up is quite lengthy but that is true of many games - Under
Fire from Avalon Hill for example. However to retrieve a
Saved position requires replacement of the game disk by the
data disk (only one disk drive can be used) and then waiting
quite a time for that to be read. Then, replace the game disk.
Now, it appears that the game disk boots up again so that
takes quite a time. The whole process takes all of three min-
utes. You can imagine the process I went through with this
pesky Russian Officer - insert the data disk and wait ... switch
to the game disk and wait... type in a command - result, he
shoots James in the leg - repeat the process and so on.

Well, finally I received a hint (actually exact instructions)

The makers of WIZARDRY (Sir-Tech Software, $59.95)
could hardly complain of being neglected by Washington
Apple Pi. Their product was named "All-Time Favorite" in a
recently published GAMESIG poll, and the December 1985
and January 1986 issues of the journal contain articles by Ron
Wartow describing the Mac version in great detail, and
recounting his trials and triumphs as one of its "Beta testers."
Still, Sir-Tech was kind enough to send a review copy for the
Mac, and Ron thought it might be worth hearing the views of
a newcomer like myself, who had not previously been exposed
to WIZARDRY's delights.

I have to confess that I ordinarily prefer the puzzle-oriented
adventures to "hack-and-slash" fantasy/role playing; I've never
even tried my hand at "Dungeons and Dragons.” Perhaps it's
my age, but I tend to lose interest when characters get killed
off simply because my reflexes are slow or the computer arbi-
trarily decides that my luck had run out. But WIZARDRY
can make converts of even the most skeptical.

As most people know by now, the game involves explor-
ing a dungeon of 10 levels (each a potential 20 by 20 rooms

Washington Apple Pi

as to what to do with the Russian. I might add that it should
have been obvious all the time. So I was able to progress and
hopefully find better things to talk about.

The game begins on a Siberian hillside with Bond being
chased by a Russian search party. As time goes on, the
storyline takes you to London, Paris and San Francisco with
action taking place at each place along the way. AS one
would expect in a James Bond adventure, there are women
along the way but, in general, the game does not allow
interaction (or whatever) with them. What a disappointment!

All in all, the descriptions given of each location are
reasonably detailed and so add color to the game, and the parser
is reasonable without being sparkling.

Along the way there are a number of obstacles to progress.
So to avoid a repetition of my Russian Officer fiasco the
maxim of try everything might be more prudently changed to
think before you leap!

It is not a big game, but does have some nice features.
Clearly, I would have enjoyed it more had the operating
system been cleaner. The restriction to a single disk drive is
antiquated and the game plays at least as slow as early games
such as Cranston Manor, which also include some graphics. 1
do not think there is much excuse for that in 1986. 1 would
certainly recommend that Mindscape give more thought to
updating their operating system. It certainly detracts from an
otherwise pleasant change of scene.

System Requirements: Apple // Family with 64K, single
disk drive. @

view —

large), finding and defeating the evil wizard Werdna, and
returning from the maze with his amulet. Mapping alone is
one of the most important elements involved, since there are
many tricks designed to make it difficult; also, by defeating
monsters, your characters gradually grow in strength, I.Q.,
piety, vitality, agility, luck and (in some cases) spell-casting
ability. I particularly appreciated that players are given time
to plan their strategy before being propelled into battles. But
that scarcely begins to describe the complexity and fascination
of the game. With eight different classes of characters avail-
able (each with distinctive strengths and weaknesses), some
fifty potential spells, dozens of unique monsters and items to
encounter and retrieve, WIZARDRY presents a constantly
shifting challenge. Even after you've won, you'll still want to
return to the dungeon to see what else is there. If "addictive-
ness" is an important sign of a great game, then WIZARDRY
passes with flying colors. All too often I sat down to play
"just for a few minutes" after dinner, only to look up later and

notice the clock creeping toward midnight.
As for the Mac version, there is not much to add to dia
contd.

April 1986 23

previous description, except to say that it plays like a dream.
Nearly everything can be done with the mouse and space bar;
the program will even run through the list of available spells
for you to save time and trouble typing. The only "bug" I
found actually worked in my favor; the program had a
generous habit of "equipping” me several times over with
items already in my possession, so that I could end up
wielding three maces or wearing three suits of armor at once.
Impossible, of course, but who am I to complain? That's the
magic of computers! l

In short, although it needs no further endorsement at this
stage in its history, I recommend WIZARDRY, especially in
its Mac incarnation, even to those who don't often enjoy fan-
tasy/role-playing games. If you are considering it, now is an
ideal time to buy the Macintosh version, while many places
are offering it on sale. The game richly deserves its reputation
as a "classic".

Ralph Bosson, who previously programmed the award
winning T.A.C., has released yet another miracle in computer
wargaming. UNDER FIRE (Avalon Hill) is an entertaining
game that is easy to play, but hard to master.

The rulebook explains movement, combat, line of sight
and other critical components of a wargame in a clear and
concise manner. The rulebook is divided into two sections.
The first section describes the scenarios, has color maps for
each of the nine scenarios, describes the weapons of each
country, describes in full detail the movement and combat, and
has an extensive appendix. The second section includes
instructions on the construction of maps, printing of maps,
hints, a dictionary, and an interview with the author.

The setting is in World War II. Like T.A.C., you can
fight your allies or nexus. When you design your own teams,
you can choose your own country and weapons, and also
choose the computer's country and arsenal. This is poorly
designed, since you can arm yourself with the best armor and
infantry, while giving the computer a small group of poorly
armed trucks! The pre-made scenarios, however, are a radically
different story. The designer has thought out each weapon on
each team carefully, deleting any tank or infantry that
unbalances the scenario. Some scenarios are bloodbaths (such
as "Road to Ruin") that are made with the expert gamer in
mind. Most of the other scenarios are moderately difficult.

One problem is the slow flow of gameplay. It once took
the computer five minutes to decide not to shoot!

Overall, this is an excellent game, brightening new
horizons for the future of wargaming. It is not an easy game,
and requires a lot of patience. ] recommend this wargame

The following letter, dated March 4, 1986, was sent by
Karen J. Novak, Manager of Communications, Mindscape, to
Ron Wartow. l

"We were very sorry to see Thomas Johnston's review of
THE HALLEY PROJECT: A MISSION IN OUR SOLAR
SYSTEM in the February issue of the Washington Apple Pi

"Mr. Johnston's vast knowledge of the solar system may
have impeded his ability to appreciate the program from a
novice astronomer's perspective. The idea is to give users a
point of view picture of outer space and to create an environ-
ment in which they can explore.

“The educational value of the program is minimal only to
someone who is already very familiar with the Solar System.
For those who know little about it, the program provides a
strong learning experience. It is impossible to complete the
flying missions without knowing about the sizes and tem-
peratures of the planets and moons. It is also impossible to
navigate successfully without knowing the positions of the
planets in relation to each other and without learning the
twelve constellations of the zodiac.

"Mr. Johnston may not like the flashing of the screen that
occurs while the user is in Hyperspace, but we wanted to
make it dramatic so that users would always be aware that
they were traveling at a much faster rate than during normal
flight. The tape was designed to create an atmosphere of
secrecy about the flying missions and to stimulate the users’
curiosity.

"Most planet and moon surfaces were based on the limited
information that is currently available. There are no close-up
photos of some of Uranus’ or Neptune's moons, for example,
so some of the moonscapes and planetscapes are based on
educated guesses. Mr. Johnston is correct, though, in point-
ing out that there should be no stars visible from the surface
of Venus, and in fact, there are a few stars visible from Venus
in the Apple version of the program. In the Amiga version
currently in development, the graphic shows heavy clouds but
no Stars.

"With respect to Mr. Johnston's criticisms about our star
chart being copied from a distorted flat map, we have to take
exception. The projection is correct. It's copied from a flat
map, but it's a flat screen. The window in the game subtends
45 degrees of the sky which is small enough that distortion is
slight.

"Leo and Sagittarius extend quite a few degrees above and
beyond the ecliptic, so they are masked by the computer
screen because it's too small to show the whole constellation.
The stars are exactly correct - there are plenty of bright stars in
the sky not included in the programs because they don't fit
into the window. Sagittarius is the worst because it's recog-
nizable in the sky, but it's below the window in the game.

"We believe that THE HALLEY PROJECT is among the
most successful simulations of its kind, and deserves more
credit than Mr. Johnston has given it. We hope that Wash-

highly. " ington Apple Pi members will spend some time with the
program and while becoming acquainted with it, will become
enchanted by it." 5
24 April 1986 Washington Apple Pi

Noa

— Operant Systems ——

—— HARDWARE ——
DOT-MATRIX PRINTERS—

Epson FX-85 (160 cps, 32 cps NQ aodel................. 369
FX-286 (200 cps wide carriage upgrade of FX-185). 549
LX-80 (100 cps, 16 cps NLQ mode)................. 249

LQ-1500 (200 cps, fantastic letter-quality model. 899
LQ-1000/LQ-B00 (quality of LQ-1500 for less $) (call)
Okidata 192 (140 cps replacesent for Oki 92)........... 359
193 (132 coluan version of above).............. 519

Toshiba 321 (216 cps draft, BEST print for the buck)... 519
351 (288 cps, wide carriage version of above). 1149

Texas Instruaents TI-853 (150 cps draft, 35 cps NLQ)... 585
NEC PS/P6IP7 Pinwriter (24 wire high-quality matrix) (call)
Citizen KSP 20 (200 cps matrix, Epson-cospatible)...... 349
Panasonic 1091 (120 cps, Epson-coapatible “Best Buy").. 259

DAISYWHEEL E LASER PRINTERS—

Epson DX-33 (35 cps daisywheel, Diabla cospatible)..... 673
Citizen Preater 83 (35 cps, fastest for the money)..... 449
Canon Laser Printer (8 pages/min, Diablo coapatible).. 2095
Silver-Reed 800 (40 cps, Diablo-cospatible)............ 695
$30 (18 cps daisywheel, wide carriagel..... 429
NEC Elf (16 cps, par & ser interface, NEC/Diablo enul). 419
6830 (33 cps daisywheel, built like a tant)....... 1193
Diablo 633 (53 cps daisywheel, replaces 630 modell.... 1099
Quone LetterPro 20 (20 cps daisysheell........... MEA 429
MODEKS—
Hayes Microsodea Jle (tone dialing/speaker/Ssartcoa I). 145
Saartaodea 2400 (2400/1200/300 baud, RS-232)..... 599

Saartaodea 1200 (1200 baud, RS-232, auta-dial)... 389
Suartacden 300 (300 baud, as above).............. 145
Novation Apple-Cat II (w/ Cosware, 1200 baud upgradel.. 209
Prometheus Promodea 1200 (1200/300 baud, RS-232)....... 289
Prosodea 12004 (1200/300 card w/ software)... 289
US Robotics Password (1200/3900 baud, auto-dial/answer). 229
Courier 2400 (2400/1200/300, autodial/ans). 439
Anchor Automation Express (1200/3900 loaded w/ features) 249
Volksaodes 12 (1200/300 baud, RS-232) 199
Lightning 24 (2400/1200/300, RS-232). 389
ZoosModea JCe (300 baud Hicrosodes coapat w/softwarel.. 125

DISK ORIVES—

MicroSci A2 drive (100% Apple-coapatiblel.............. 169 Excel (best Mac spreadsheet available)... 245
A.Sc (half-height for Apple JCcl.............. 179 Basic interpreter ......ooommommooommooo.o. 99
Corvus Winchester driveS...........oooomonoooommcocno.. (call) Chart (presentation business graphics).... 85

CP/M E 65020 SYSTEMS— M A O esè 119
Applicard (6 Mhz 2-80, 64K to 192K RAM, 70-col video).. 125 A MUU ALO L AN MEET 119
Microsoft Softcard Jle (Z-80, 80 col 8 64K on one card) 265 C MacEnhancer (has the ports Apple forgot). 175

Softcard II (includes CP/M 2.2 and MBASIC)... 239 I Filevision (graphics database systea).............. 119

Titan Accelerator JLE (3.6 Mhz 6502C coprocessor)...... 229 N Üdesta Helix (database for the serious user)....... 249
Speed Deson (6502C high-speed coprocessor)............. 195 T Dollars & Sense (accounting w/graphics)............. 95
Applied Engineering Z-Ran (256K, CP/M, Raadisk for Jtc) 325 OQ SidekiCk....... ccc cece cece cece ene 49
TransWarp (3.6 Mhz 6502C, 256K RAM) 225 S Iomega Bernoulli Orive (5/10/20 seg reaovable).. (call!

HONITORS-— H Maclion (prograasable database for Mac)............ 239

Aadek 3006/3004 (18" green/aaber anti-glare, 18Mhz).125/139 MacFürth Level Tosca cnn 169
Color 300 (13" composite color).................. 229 A ic cate es ise VUL wee es SLM. awe 99

NEC J8-1201/1205 (green/aaber anti-glare screen, 20Mhz) 145 Kensington MacHodea (300 baud)............ooooooco.. 99
48-1250 (18" green, 15Mhz, best value for money).... 9? Kensington Surge Protector (replaces power cord).... 39

INTERFACES LA BUFFERS E CLOCK5-— RR EI IICA TA O re ETRE HHIK YII
Pkaso/U printer interface (superior gear sea cans (call) l CALL FOR PRICES OF ITEMS NOT LISTED
Quadras Microfazer (8K to 128K parallel buffer)........ 139 l
Grapplert printer interface (parallel w/ graphics)...... 85 | Please Cospare Our Prices ———
Buffered Grapplert (16K to 64K buffer plus graphics)... 149 l: If you find a lower price, giva us a chance to beat it.
Practical Peripherals Seriall (serial for modeas/print) 109 |

Graphicard (parallel w/ graphics). 79 l Feel free to call for answers to technical questions.
Printerface (std par w/o graphics) 59 i
ProClock (PRODOS coapatible)..... 109 l. TO ORDER: Call Jeff Dillon at (301) 434-0403
VIDEO BOAR05— | or
Videx Ultratera (up to 160 coluan/48 line display [!).. 209 I Write or visit:
MicroSci 80-col card (w/64K RAM, AppleWorks-coapatible). 79 |
Applied Engineering Raakorks II (64K to 3 neg + 80 col) 139 l OPERANT SYSTEMS, 7676 New Hampshire Ave, Suite 818
Viewaaster (80 col for II4..... (ve 119 Langley Park, Md 20783
ON—

Da asias RAN CREO A E LR e 79 l Md. sales add 5% tax. UPS shipping is available.
Legend "S" card (256K to 1 aeg, runs Appleworks on JC) 209 l All items carry full aanufacturer's warranties.
Titan Technologies 128K RAM card........ooooooooooo.mo.. 179 A A A E:

Washington Apple Pi April 1986 25

—— SOFTWARE —=—
WORD PROCESSING—

Wordstar 3.3 (includes 6 shz 2-80 Applicard)....... 149
Word Perfect (BEST IBM prog now avail for Jle/lc).... 95
Bank Street Writer or Speller........oooomommoooo.».». 4
pra: Write. JEN a ad 19
5creenkriter II (40/70/80-col display w/speller).... 85
HoseWord / HomeWord Speller.............o..oo.o.. , 35

. 49

Sensible Speller IV (00S or PRODOS versions avail).. 79

The Word Plus (super spelling checker for CP/M).... 109
SPREADSHEETS—

Multiplan (state-of-the-art spreadsheet)............ 70

SuperCalc:3a (spreadsheet-& graphics for the JCe/c) 135
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

dBASE II (tha best Apple piti. requires CP/M).. 299

p'e: File, Report, or Graph......... T VUE pa T9
he General Manager 2.0..........ooooooooooommos»os.. 149
Thinktank (electronic thought organizer)............ 95
08 Master 4t (latest version)... c.f tc ccc cee eee 185
BUSINESS 8 ACCOUNTING—
Dollars 8 Sense (accounting w/graphics)........ 69 & 79
Managing Your Money (accounting + investaent agat). 115
Peachtree Back ta Basics Accounting (CL/AR/AP)..... 115
BPI Accounting (CL/AR/AP/PAY/INVENTORY)........each 245
COMMUNICATIONS—
Ascii Express Professional (best DOS/PRODO5 program) 80
Crosstalk (best program for CP/M).......ooomoo.mo»o».. 125

CospuServe Starter Kit (password B 5 free hours).... 25
0005 & ENDS —

Print Shop/Print Shop Coapanian....... —— Ü 36/09
Newsrooa/Clip Art Collection........ NN
PinpolMt........oo.ooo.. ...... A Me

Typing Tutor III....eessesesessssossesesssososesesos de
Kensington 5ystea Saver Fan (w/surge protector)..... 66
Kraft Joystick / TG Joystick / Hayes Mach III. 35/33/39
KoalaPad Graphics Tablet (with graphics software)... 85
Curtis Enerald Surge Protector (6 outlets & cord)... 45
Flight Simulator II...... a sas da dd

Microsoft Word (what MacWrite should have been).... 119

Well, you can give it a more powerful CPU (658167);
more RAM (1 MEG, 5 MEGS?); bigger disk drives (800K?);
faster clock speed (10 Mega-Hertz); but NOT the "Apple
Interface"! Please Apple, jus' leave my // alone!

Now I understand that CONTROL CODES are supposd to
be user unfriendly, but have you stopped to consider how User-
Unfriendly the new "Apple Interface" really is? True, on my
word processor, I have to depress CONTROL and a D at the
same time to to delete a character, (which really isn't that hard
to remember) but have you looked at what you want to force
me to go through?

First, I have to pick-up this little plastic, furry creature;
there, it's now in my right hand. Next to try to find some
desk space to move it (Hmmm, if I move this pile? Yes.
There, now I have a few inches!) Next look at the screen,
locate some weird shaped cursor (called a pointer), then move
the plastic, furry creature until the ... BLAST! The tail of
the plastic, furry creature has spilled my coffee!

All over my desk! Well, After I have dried what I can, and
wiped off the rest (I have to throw two disks away, though.
Sugar in the coffee tends to make them sticky!) Maybe I
should look on the bright side - at least I now have plenty of
room on my desk to move that plastic, furry creature! Please,
Apple, jus' leave my // alone!

Ah, yes, I was deleting a character. Now, where is the
cursor (sorry, pointer)? There, now move it up to EDIT
dialogue box. Dialogue. Webster tells me that a dialogue is

".... a conversation between two or more fictional persons in
a novel ... " Well, Td like to let you know that I may be a
character, but 1 am clearly real, not a character in a novel!
And maybe the Apple interface is a character in a novel, but I
READ things, not have fictionalized conversations with a
computer screen! PLEASE Apple, jus' leave my // alone!!

I click a button on the plastic furry creature (actually, I
push the button, and IT clicks) and drag the mouse down
(Boy, they got that one right, it sure is a drag!). There now to
look for Delete a character.

Delete a file

Delete a disk

Delete a mouse

Hmmmm? Not there, well, let me see? How about Page
layout? Nope, not there either! Now where did they put
Delete a character? Let's see, how about On Screen appear-
ance? Yes, there it is! Now move the pointer down, oh, the
other down! Yes, that's it! Move to the proper box, click it
again (you remember that is really pushing the button, right?)
Yes, Delete a character is highlighted (to you uninitiated in
"Apple Interface", that means inverse!) Now, what was the
character I wanted to delete from the screen? PLEASE, Apple,
jus’ LEAVE my // alone!!!

26 April 1986

Now, move the pointer (translate cursor) to the character,
place it over the letter I wish to delete, push the button
(Click) (- the one on the plastic, furry creature) and voila, that
character is gone! Wait, no it's NOT! What's this?

"Double clicking the mouse will permanently delete this
character. Do you wish to do this?" Dummy, of course I do,
you stupid #**%$# machine! Why do you think I went to so
much trouble? Oh, all right, double push the button (click-
click), and NOW it's gone! Wait! Stop! This is too much!

"Are you REALLY sure you want to do this?"
#N$9o#E"... PLEASE, Apple, jus LEAVE my // ALONE!!!

Well, the new Apple interface will be uniform on all
Apple machines. So that's supposed to be a big advantage.
Hmmmm. I can use WordStar on my CP/M Apple //c, and
learn the little diamond of movement:

Up 1 line
CNTRL E
CNRTL S CNTRL D
Left 1 char. Right 1 char.
CNTRL X
Down 1 line

You know, Apple, I really can learn these codes - I am a
big boy now. And it is easier than always hunting for the
right scripture box (since I am not fictional, I will not call it a
dialogue!) for the command. But talk of universality, I can go
to WS on an IBM PC (or a Morrow CP/M, a TRS 80,
KayPro) and always there will be the same commands. And
in our modern, business oriented society, I must use several
different brands of machines each week. Many people do.

And the "Desktop metaphor!" Well, "Metaphor: a figure of
speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to
which it is not literally accurate in order to imply a resem-
blance." Well, at least you finally got your English correct,
but have you seen my DESK? Why anyone would want to
clutter up a microcomputer screen like that is beyond me!

And what happened to CATALOG? I can CATALOG a
disk, and, true, 1 have to remember the word CATALOG. But
that's not too bad. What do you mean I have to LOAD
ANOTHER PROGRAM called FILER! Search for a what?
And do what? Another plastic, furry creature! PLEASE,

So, if you want a tip, Apple, do what some other
companies have done. Give me a RAM card with CP/M for
my c, or maybe a 5 MEG Slinkey, things like these.
Hmmmm? What's that? Oh, you have learned the the new
“Apple Interface" really can't run on a 128K machine like the
latest, you need 512. O.K., I've got that. What, you mean
with applications you really need a full MEG. Well, I've got
that on my e. Actually, 3MEG + 1 MEG, and very useful,
too. What's that? You mean there is so much overhead from
the scripture boxes, mouse characters, and need for things like
FILERs, that this will take extra Motherboard memory, not
able to be used by anything else, AND PUSH THE PRICE

contd. on pg 31

Washington Apple Pi

COM
RD. !

BOARD F OR T

The patches described here are for Microsoft CP/M
version 2.23 (so called 60K CP/M). Similar principles apply
to other versions of CP/M, as well as to DOS and ProDOS.
The idea is to redirect I/O from the Apple's built in keyboard
to a serial interface, in this case slot 42. With most serial
interfaces, you can get some of the effect of this by simply
entering IN#2 from BASIC.

The patches are presented here for CP/M, however,
because I think by far the most useful application is for Apple
](/][* owners who wish to use WordStar without the restric-
tions of the Apple's keyboard. A second patch to CP/M is
also presented which redirects output from the screen (actually,
from slot #3) to the serial output. With both patches, then,
the Apple can be operated remotely like a traditional CP/M
computer! This can even be done via modem.

The external keyboard may well be your lap computer,
connected to the serial interface in the manner described in
previous articles in this series. It could also be a standard
dumb CRT terminal, or a printing terminal like the AJ-831.
The external keyboard patch also makes file uploading easier
from the lap computer to the Apple. Normally, keystrokes
have to be entered on both computers to effect a transfer. But
once you turn over control to the external keyboard (the lap
computer), commands to the Apple are entered from that key-
board. So you can enter this command, for example:

PIP d:Filename=TTY:

From this point on, the Apple will capture everything
sent to it until an end of file marker (Ctrl-Z) occurs. In a
remote (modem connected) setup, that is a way of uploading
to an unattended machine.

PART 1: To use an external keyboard via slot #2 serial
interface:

RUN this MBASIC program:

10 POKE 62338, 111
20 POKE 62339, 254
30 END

The Apple's keyboard at this point will be "dead"; only the
external keyboard will work (place lap computer into TEL-
COM with 8N1 and the baud rate that the serial card is set up
for).

PART 2: (If desired) To send display output to external
system via slot 2... [Note: if you have performed Part 1, the
following must be typed from the external keyboard, of
course]:

DDT -SF386 <cr>
F386 B5 69 <cr>

At this point, neither display will be active, so you must

type in the blind:
FE <cr>
CTRL-C

Output should now be via the external device.

Washington Apple Pi

sories: Part 5) -

April 1986

PART III: To make these patches permanent on a
system disk, RUN CONFIGIO and Write the IOCB to disk.

Keep in mind that for external keyboard use, you only
need to do Part 1. Also, there really is no absolute need to
use a BASIC program to perform these POKEs. A compiled
Turbo PASCAL program also ought to work. Anyway, after
the POKEs, simply warm boot the WordStar, dBase, or any
other disk that you actually want to use in the system. A disk
can also be set up that will automatically boot up for external
keyboard (do Parts 1 and 3 only).

While we're on WordStar, its worth mentioning to those
of you who haven't learned the hard way that WordStar uses
the eighth bit of each byte for its own internal special uses
(e.g., to mark the end of the word). There are available utility
programs that strip away this bit. But if you are transferring
from WordStar TO your lap computer, just employ the 711
parity option. Actually, in an emergency, that can be one
way of filtering WordStar files: pass them through a lap
computer with 7I1 parity. Later on in this series, I plan to
report on my investigations concerning a closely related
problem that drives many users crazy: missing line feeds,
extra carriage returns, etc., etc. that always seem to creep in
whenever text exchanges between different systems are
attempted.

Best of Apple BBS contd. from pg 46

but in the case of a business that wanted unlocked software to
change form format for example, they should be willing to
pay a premium for the privilege.

SAM SWERSKY ON 02/07 TO MIKE UNGERMAN/ALL

I dunno, Mike. I have the same ambitions that you do. And,
I take neither side with a vengance. But, you have to face
facts: copy protection is an additional software expense...
expense in time, money, or both. The result is normally
poorer performance for the product-- and especially if the
program handles a lot of data or accesses the drives. Games,
can get by under these circumstances... SOMETIMES (ie.
think of what a decent adventure you could have if there was a
million bytes of useable memory to store data, pictures, and
whatever... all without EVER having to go to disk!). All that
work on copy protection and it has arguable benefits. You
mention Print Shop, for example. Print Shop, I am sure, has
many unauthorized copies....yet it sells well for the Apple, for
the IBM, etc etc... BECAUSE ITS A NEAT IDEA, WELL
DONE! The software business is a risky proposition from the
start; a good product is the best protection apainst disaster.
Well, help me down from the soap box, will you, Mike?

DAVID P. KEMP ON 02/11 TO MIKE UNGERMAN

The best scheme for protection involves a manual issued with
the original purchase. A nice manual and the promise of
updates can't be copied. Of course if the software is over-
priced, one could live with a pirated copy and a copied manual,
but for $29.95, why bother. B

This is definitely a different card, a totally new concept in
word processing with the ability to do and include arithmetic
calculations within text. The SwyftCard when placed in Slot
3 autoboots all its functions within 5 seconds at power-on. It
is disabled by booting with a program disk. The Card can send
and receive text by modem communication, acting as terminal
emulation software, and BASIC programming is equally avail-
able. All this from a shirt pocket size card is yours for
$89.95, exclusively from Information Appliance Inc. (1-800-
982-5600). There are only ten control and command keys, and
they are labeled with decals! It is simply amazing to switch
on and be typing within 5 seconds, before one has sat down,
save to a blank (out of the box) disk in 5 seconds and print
with a flick of the wrist. Done. A+ Magazine advertisement
states: “SwyftCard finds and displays any piece of information
„in less than 300 milliseconds”. So why isn't this page
miraculously self-illuminating? Maybe the SwyftCard is a
minor miracle.

Contrary to usual review practice I will start with my
product rating to try to get things into perspective. The scor-
ing method (with acknowledgement to InfoWorld) provides
useful headings for criticism. I will briefly describe the basics
of operation and discuss my interpretation of the features. A
highly favorable (read glowing ) review appeared in ‘A+’ in
November 1985, page 86, which was realistically questioned
in a letter to the magazine (February 1986, page 14). The
SwyftCard has been advertised in ‘A+’ every month since
October, apparently enthusiastically endorsed by WOZ. It is
not completely clear to whom in the user community this
product is aimed, but it purports to be "a better solution to
your day-in, day—out word processing and data management
needs". We'll see.

ing. 1award the SwyftCard 2 Cards out of 5,
5 being the highest! So why do I rate this revolution in
technology only 2 out of 5? Have I sent it for decent burial?
Am I going to sell it at the next garage sale? Patience! I
have been using SwyftCard version 1.21 1985 for several
months for all my correspondence in order to give you my
sweaty palms experience for this review. I have examined and
used all the functions and Dave Harvey has kindly evaluated
communications in depth. Dave reports his experiences else-
where. This article is written on a Mac to facilitate the Editor
in preparing it for publication, as Mac medium is preferred
where possible. SwyftCard Text can be converted to a
ProDOS file for manipulation by ProDOS-based word
processors such as Apple Writer and AppleWorks but I chose
not to use this method.

Basic Essentials. The SwyftCard package contains the
Card, a copy-protected, double-sided 5 1/4" disk with an
elegant tutorial on the A-side, ProDOS conversion programs
on the flip-side, a 120-page robust, spiral-bound manual
containing a separate Reference Guide, and a sticky sheet of
keyboard decals. The Manual, aftercozy in-house credits, com-
prises 5 chapters of extensive, lucid explanation including

28 April 1986

printer control codes for most brands (including Imagewriter
and LaserWriter), comms advice and honest wamings of
limitations. There is a sketchy appendix on ProDOS conver-
sion and an unusually detailed Theory of Operation. This 16K
system implemented in FORTH and assembler, stored on a
27128 PROM, occupies the same address space as BASIC.
Redefinition of keys is covered. The glossary should be
required reading for lexicographers and is relaxing if a break is
desired. Hurray! There is a good index, sufficient for looking
up any problem area without shuffling pages. The small Card
marked “Swyft™ Software” and “Swyft ROM Card Rev C”
has a few resistors and two chips, the larger of which is
labelled “840-003A”. The ‘keyboard’ end of the card is
indicated and should go in Slot 3. The printer interface
should be in Slot 1, a Super Serial Card in Slot 2 and the
Disk Controller in Slot 6. The SwyftCard ROM is not
enabled if a program disk is present in Drive 1 on cold and
warm starts. Slot assignments are important. Dave Harvey
discovered a bus contention with his Titan Accelerator //e card.
SwyftCard only works in an Apple //e, regular or enhanced,
with a Rev-B logic board.

Installation and Setup. Installation is no problem even for
the timid. Plug Card into Slot 3 the only way it will
sensibly fit. While you are inside the case check that other
cards are in slots as required by SwyftCard, as in Basic
Essentials above. Stick decals on respective keys; I cut the
control decals in half and stuck all labels on the fronts of
keys. CONTROL becomes “USE FRONT” (which is the
most unnecessary, confusing change-for-the-sake-of-change,
but do not be too worried, the other control changes make
sense in the context of use). ESC changes to "PAGE",
OPEN-APPLE to "LEAP BACKWARD", CLOSED-APPLE
to "LEAP FORWARD", and TAB to "LEAP AGAIN",
although it also retains TAB functions in text writing mode.
The command keys lose all mnemonic character; e.g. the
"PRINT" label goes on N (not P); the same goes for DISK
saving, modem SEND, CALCulation and INSERT. There.
Ten control/command keys are all you need to write your next
article. How to use them and how to make them all work is
part of the reason this product rates 2 Cards. Place the tutorial
disk in Drive 1, the only drive you ever need, and away you
£o 'hand in hand'. For practical purposes Swyft- Card acts
like several applications installed on an autoboot hard disk.

Printer set-up is always a most important consideration in
assessing any new productivity program. The Manual sug-
gests in your first testing of a few lines of text that you
should just press Ctrl-PRINT and see what happens. I was
economic with two lines and found they over-printed. Clearly,
my C.toh ProWriter M8510A printer needs a line-feed,
PR$=CHRS(1), which must be embedded in the disk Text, as
there is no configuration file. Other printers need more con-
trol codes. I need extra code for underlining which is similar
to the codes printed in the Manual on page 65, as for
“Applescribe': US$=CHR$(27)+CHRS$(88) for Underline Start

contd.

Washington Apple Pi

and UE$=CHR$(1)+CHR$(27)+CHR$(89) for Underline End.
These codes are highlighted and embedded in BASIC by
pressing Ctri-CALC. When these strings are saved to a data
disk they enable my printer to get a line-feed and underline
words starting and ending with underline tokens; * word " is
the Card’s method to achieve “word”. I do not need to reset
printer dip switches. In 80-column mode with Pica print set
by switches I do “get what I see”. More thought is required for
bold face and italics.

Documentation. Exemplary. The tutorial disk and manual
are a joy to read for sheer lucidity, introduction and
explanation, taking one patiently through the learning curve,
with tasteful humor and numerous warnings. Limitations of
the system are clearly outlined in the advertisement and the
Manual. The weakest area is ProDOS file conversion.
Though Jef Raskin acknowledges this he suggests one can use
this feature to compress files, which are probably only of
archival interest! As SwyftCard is its own operating system
the user is placed way out on a limb as regards text compati-
bility with word processors if files cannot be shared (easily).
‘Communications’ is considered in depth but the procedures
are distinctly abstruse.

How It Works. SwyftCard has clever ways of scrolling the
cursor about Text. (The capitalized T is used in the Manual to
signify all disk-based Text.) The LEAP keys utilize letters,
periods, spaces, words or parts of, returns, and page breaks as
markers to which to Leap. All control operations are effected
by highlighting desired portions of text in inverse video by
LEAPing from one end of the Text to the other and pressing
both LEAP keys simultaneously, or automatically by PRINT,
DISK, SEND and CALC com- mands. (Ctrl-CALC is the
key combination invoking BASIC commands.). One presses,
say, ‘Open Apple’ (Leap Back) and ‘Return’ to get back to the
previous paragraph end, and whilst holding down the ‘Open
Apple’ (Leap Back) key and tapping the ‘Tab’ key (Leap
Again) the cursor moves back up the text by preceding para-
graphs. The same principle applies to other character
identifiers and use of the Leap keys. Tapping either Leap key
staccato-style moves the cursor by single characters. The
arrow keys are disabled so you have to remember to forget
they exist.

Ease of Learning and Use. OK. Even, very easy at a
superficial level. One learns the techniques readily. Novices
will love the no-nonsense ground rules and quickly take for
granted this over-simplification in introductory word process-
ing. Old hands will quickly grasp the principles of SwyftCard
but will rapidly become frustrated by its limitations. The
finer cursor movements required to get on target to Leap to
errors and select text for printing make heavy weather of
routine word processing. Arithmetic calculation in text works
and is a bonus point; the formula can be left in situ or deleted.
Highlighting text to select a section for printing sounds easy
enough but can be a consummate bore with inevitable errors
when more than a page is selected; the PRINT command
cannot be aborted.

Jef Raskin is the sort of designer who is reported to hate
the Macintosh interface (Washington Post, December 30th,
Business Section page 11). Ilike the mouse-driven I-beam
and scroll bar of MacWrite, which get me round a document
faster than spelling out a word in one's mind then transferring

Washington Apple Pi

that thought to keystrokes to LEAP BACK to a misspelling;
and remember you then have to get back to end of text to
continue. I think one subconsciously detects mistakes on-
Screen rather than clearly seeing them intellectually; that is,
"get the cursor there quickly then let's think about the cor-
rection”. //e arrow keys (in Apple Writer) plus Ctrl-B or -E
are also very satisfactory ways of getting about a document.
Keep that word 'document' in memory for the discussion
under Limitations. The Card's watchword is simplicity but
Apple systems are not the most difficult to understand and
learn. A good grounding in an accepted operating system has
relevance to many of a computer's applications and helped me
unravel some of SwyftCard's mysteries.

I think Telecommunications deserves a specialist heading
as it is a less rarified aspect of computing than hitherto. In
this regard SwyftCard has great merit in limited respects, Dave
Harvey devoted his professional attention to SwyftCard
Comms and was not happy. I found that logging-on to a
BBS works but is tedious. Communicating with another
SwyftCard-equipped Apple works like a telegraphic
conversation. Typing and quickly highlighting text gets one
into a nervous twitch. Telecomms is very memory intensive
with all the menus and messages coming from the host,
contributing to earlier than expected out-of-memory leeps.
300 baud is set by ‘SE%=5641’ or 1200 baud by
‘SE%=6153’, highlighted and embedded in BASIC by the
CALC command. Carriage Returns are pre-set by ‘LE%=29’.
Special bit and parity settings are achieved by
comprehensively esoteric calculations. These manipulations
are not intuitive and require study, time, trial and error. I set
Serial Card dip switches as suggested in the Manual but did
not need “SmarTeam” modem switch changes. The biggest
intuitive problem is to highlight text to Send and then press
Cul-SEND. After chasing text across my screen trying to
keep up with my correspondent, I thought I should have used
telegraphese to send ‘over’ at the end of each emanation. I
hesitate to suggest the most efficient use of SwyftCard as a
Telecomms function but modem-sending of a pre-composed
letter would seem to justify the telephone expense. The way
Dave and I communicated through our SwyftCards was a
definite plus for AT&T.

Performance and Reliability. I was quite thrilled to see
remarks in the tutorial reminding me that I am in charge and
not the computer. “If the computer gets rambunctious and
throws you off the track, turn it off, catch your breath and tum
it on again”, sounds reassuring. I had to turn the computer off
several times when block moves (INSERT) for instance, and
printing fouled up. I do not like prematurely turning off the
computer, but thank goodness I am using a Kensington
System Saver (see below). I think there are firmware bugs in
the Card. As long as material is saved I found that many
problems are cured by restarting. I consider this a definite
performance defect. My printer produces strange spaces but
these were cured also by switching off and on, and reprinting.
A single line feed is sent by PR$=CHR$(1), without a ‘+’, as
indicated in the manual, page 62. I find string searches by the
CALC command and INSERT block moves very capricious in
action; sometimes they work, sometimes they don’t.

Data being all in RAM explains the rapidity with which
searches can be achieved by LEAP commands. If you do not

April 1986 29

own a zebra you will find ‘zebra’ within milliseconds. If you
have once typed it when writing about rare things, you can
search by holding down a LEAP key whilst typing ‘zebra’.
For more than one ‘zebra’ one has to tap the LEAP AGAIN
key the required number of times to find the appropriate
‘zebra’. I do not call this “instant retrieval”. It is many
seconds not n milliseconds.

Commendable features of SwyftCard are that in autoboot
mode it is ready for typing within 5 seconds with a warm
CRT, and on power-up a data disk in the drive is loaded in 6
seconds. Saving a small file and initializing a blank disk
takes 5 seconds. These timings are mine. The cursor flashes
rapidly when DISK save has been implemented. Re-booting
a data disk finds the cursor at the point where one previously
retired. The cursor has a helpful doubled image, a highlight
bar trails after the flashing cursor during typing and collapses
to a single character highlight when deleting or LEAPing.
Booting with a program disk or an Operating System
displaces SwyftCard from the bus so normal operation of the
computer proceeds unaffected by leaving the Card in place.
During typing, text scrolls up the screen with numbered page
breaks appearing at default values of 66 lines. As your
accountant will not be amused to receive page numbers 15 and
16 of your 3-page letter, repagination is essential.
Repagination is effected through the BASIC PA% command.
As text just streams up the screen I found it useful to divide
letters by forcing page breaks with the ESC (Page) key. 200
page breaks are available per disk.

The Card warranty for 90 days covers replacement of
defective "tangible media”; there is a 30-day money-back
policy. I called Information Appliance Inc. and Patti was very
helpful; Jef was busy but called back soon. Jef Raskin has a
way of convincing one that all our problems are little ones.
He actually gives very good advice, but 1 preferred my own
solutions!

Error Handling and Limitations. There is no error
handling apart from irritating, uninformative beeps and the
ubiquitous ‘Syntax Error’. The manual has check lists to
troubleshoot beeps but I found the instructions hard to follow.
This is where entry level users may become frustrated and
where a modicum of operating systems knowledge saves the
day. Simplicity a la Raskin has left much to be desired. In
these days of menus, windows, real-time error messages and
on-screen help, more could have been done to ease the user
through difficulties.

All Text in no matter how many separate letters or memos
saved to a data disk will utilize only 40K usable disk capacity,
between 15 and 20 pages of single-spaced typing. Upon
loading a data disk by placing it in the drive and switching on
power, or by a ‘warm boot’, all the data (and apparently
program code) is loaded into RAM (but only 64K, as
SwyftCard does not access extra memory in an Extended
80-column card). This explains the 40K limitation of disk
capacity but does not excuse the loss of the other 100K of a
Disk ][ drive, essential to user efficiency and obtainable with
other program systems. Telecomms really gobbles up
memory space at an alarmingly rapid rate and out-of-memory
beeps occur startlingly early in a Comms session. This
experience alone largely negates this Card’s use as a serious
telecommunications tool. The Card is incompatible with

30 April 1986

Hayes’ Micromodem II and Titan Accellerator //e cards.

I found that a warm boot from SwyftCard to Apple Writer
does not cancel printer control codes previously embedded; a
cold start to a new program is preferable. I should like to
mention to Apple // users that I use a “Kensington System
Saver” surge protector which has power outlets for the
computer, CRT and printer, and a main power switch, (See
Kensington Ad in ‘A+’ March, page 30). When I say I
power-down frequently I am using this switch not the Apple
‘switch’.

The one-file data structure is disconcerting. There is no
disk catalog, there are no filenames, so there are no electron-
ically discrete documents. Unless a tedious paper record is
maintained of each text entry saved to disk with relevant
numbers at page-breaks, documents are incredibly difficult to
find. I resolved some of this dilemma by typing unusual
keywords at the beginning and end of a file (also recorded on
paper). The most reliable stratagem is by typing 'END' at the
beginning of a document then backspacing a few times and
typing ahead with the “END” leading the ‘train’! In this way
to get back to the end of a document one Leaps Forward to
capitals ‘EN’ and you're there. With a scintilla of imagination
one can compensate for the deficiencies of this system but it
requires total concentration.

Value. If $90 is pocket money to play with an unusual
toy AND you do not need Slot 3, then SwyftCard is certainly
interesting. Its intricacies have helped to pass several
'snow-days' and holidays! Cumulatively, I spent 3 days
learning the system and working out the printer control code
system (+ shoe leather walking round my study deep in
thought and many pages of printer trials). This Card will be
of little value in moderate to volume word processing, and
absolutely useless for Business unless the ‘disk shuffle’ comes
naturally and 40K per disk is subsidized. As disk catalogs
cannot be viewed, files will be mislaid. It will be of some
value to me for quick memos and short letters, now that I
have the Card but only when hardcopy is kept and disk
retrieval not vital. I cannot afford to continue using this
system for important files. I have used more disks for data
and cut more notches for flip-side use than in the previous
year, which is expensive, space consumptive and pushes my
files further into obscurity. My rating of 2 Cards defined as
“poor though meeting essential criteria” reflects
disappointments as well as a modicum of excitement. I
expected a one-file disk structure but the very serious
limitations make this an expensive toy.

SwyftCard is a fast disk access system with few com-
mands but many limitations belie the much vaunted
‘simplicity’. This article is as much a ‘how-to’ as a review.*
Whilst not wishing to be curmudgeonly of a great idea well
engineered, I look forward to a discounted upgrade when the
bugs are banished (Insert and Strings), files can be named,
140K disk capacity utilized, and 128K accessed in RAM.

* I acknowledge with gratitude the help of Mr. Dave
Harvey with Telecomms and the computer literary advice of
my colleagues Drs. Bob Becker and Brent Hjermstad. G

Washington Apple Pi

I have evaluated, from the communications point of view,
the SwyftCard that has been so heavily advertised lately. In
order to properly test the Card, I removed the Titan Accelerator
lle card that I have in my Apple //e. Reading the documen-
tation, I discovered that I should use an Apple Super Serial
Card. I have a Prometheus 1200A card which I am told acts
just like a Super Serial Card, so I thought I would try running
the program with this. The tutorial is quite straight forward
and gave me a good idea of how to use the program, except
that the tutorial did not cover the communications part very
well.

I called the NOVAPPLE BBS which operates using the
UBBS bulletin board software. To dial a number you first
type the dialing sequence which appears on the screen and then
highlight what you have just typed. You then hit the SEND
button (Ctrl-D) and what you highlight is transmitted to your
modem. I had problems getting this to work because I found I
had left off a return at the end of the sequence. I also had
problems with the setting of the baud rate which you change
by typing a formula, highlighting it and hitting the CALC
key. I found an error in the manual, in that the setting
specified for the Super Serial Card dip switches indicates 7
bits, no parity and one stop bit, but the manual states that the
default for the program itself is 8 data bits, no parity and 1
stop bit. The Apple standard for the most part has always
been 7N1, whereas for IBM it's usually 8N1. I finally
managed to get on the BBS system and that's where I first
encountered a major problem when using the SwyftCard.

I kept getting all sorts of beeps. I quickly looked through
the manual and discovered that the problem was that when the
buffer (i.e. RAM) used by the program is full it will not
accept any more characters and just throws them away. The
capacity of the buffer is 40K and in order to continue to
receive you must either delete the buffer or save it to disk.
There is no way to disable the capture mode once you are
'beeped'. Assuming you have nothing in the buffer to start
with except your dialing sequence and password, when you see
you are approaching the 40K limit, you must issue a Ctrl-Z,S
to the host computer, tap the SAVE key, remove your disk
and replace with another blank disk, erase memory and then
issue a Control-Z,Q to the host computer to tell it to start
sending again. If you don't go through this procedure and wait
until you hear the beeps, incoming data will be lost until you
delete or save what's been captured so far in the buffer. While
you are doing all this, data will be lost.

I encountered another problem when I connected to the
BBS. This has to do with the particular nature of BBS
systems operating under the UBBS bulletin board protocol.
This problem is caused by the fact that when you type
characters on the keyboard, nothing is transmitted until you
hit the SEND key or until you have typed 80 characters. So
if you are slow in typing a sentence and take more than 2

Washington Apple Pi

minutes to type 80 characters, the BBS hangs up. The other
problem I found is that the SwyftCard sends out a return along
with the characters you have typed when you press the SEND
key. This is not wanted since the UBBS program specifically
does not want returns unless it's the end of a paragraph. Page
73 of the manual has advice on this feature.

The User's Manual indicates that an easy use of the
communications part of the program might be communicating
with another Apple that has a SwyftCard. I called Adrien
Youell and we agreed that he would originate the call to me.
When I heard the phone ring I sent out the command "ATA”
which puts the modem in the answer mode. We connected and
everything I sent out appeared on Adrien's screen. The only
problem encountered was that whatever was typed and which
appeared on the screen, didn’t go out until I pressed SEND.
Sometimes the screen got messed-up because Adrien had just
sent something that appeared on my screen. Therefore I had to
wait until Adrien had stopped sending before I could type a
reply. I also noticed that there is no easy way to get the
modem to hang-up at the end of a session. You must first
type "+++" and then "ATH". This would be necessary
especially for host computers such as DIALCOM which
continue to furnish carrier even after you've logged off. This
procedure is not documented.

I found that the Card is not compatible with the Titan
Accelerator //e card. After testing the Card without the
Accelerator //e installed, I then put the Accelerator //e card
back but when I turned the Apple back on it refused to boot.
I've grown quite used to the Accelerator //e card and would hate
to give it up in order to use the SwyftCard.

In summary, I can not see this Card replacing ASCII
EXPRESS PROFESSIONAL or any other communications
program any time soon. The main reason is that because I
access many different systems I have installed in my
communications program all the sign-on sequences where my
communications program automatically responds to questions
about passwords and user ID's etc. This cannot be done with
the SwyftCard. You must manually transmit when you get a
query from the host system you are communicating with; it is
not done automatically. C)

Please Apple contd. from pg 26

HIGHER? And even if you give it a faster clock, it will
actually work slower because of the overhead for the mouse
text and mutiple disk access? PLEASE, APPLE, JUS'

It has been written "... build a better mouseTRAP, and the
world will beat a path to your door.” The operative word
there, Apple, is TRAP! And as my ol' daddy used to say, "If
it ain't broke, don't fix it!” So, please, Apple, jus' leave my
// alone!

April 1986 31

Pinpoint is a desktop accessory program designed and
advertised as particularly compatible with the popular Apple-
Works program. It has some nice features including an
appointment calendar, an envelope addresser, a calculator, a
telephone dialer and a communications window. It also
allows you to use your printer as a typewriter and to merge
graphics into AppleWorks files.

This series of programs is designed to take full advantage
of all of the new enhancements for Apple //'s. It will work on
the new 3.5" UniDisk drive and can also be copied and read
into the expanded memory cards available for the //e and //c.

That's the good news. The bad news is that in designing
the program for all of the new equipment the publishers have
left the rest of us who have only slightly outdated computers
and printers without the use of all of the options of the
program. I have a 128K //c, an extra disk drive and an Okidata
92 printer. With this combination 1 found Pinpoint to be
disappointing and a relative nuisance to use. 1 had quite a bit
of trouble getting the printer working correctly with Pinpoint,
and was never able to get my printer to use all options
available for it from Pinpoint. I had extensive correspondence
with the Pinpoint Publishing Company. They tried to solve
my problems, but were slow to respond and twice misread my
complaint. Their responses indicated to me that Pinpoint was
rushed to the market before all final testing and debugging was
done. And, to solve my printer problem, they suggested that I
purchase a supplemental program.

Virtually every other program I have ever used has been
written to accomodate a wide variety of the most common
printers and interface cards. Pinpoint was specifically designed
for the Apple Imagewriter printers--if you own anything else,
you will have trouble unless you buy a separate disk from
Pinpoint Publishing called the Pinpoint Graphic Printing
Supplement. As of last December, this disk was not yet
released,

Pinpoint is a self-contained ProDOS program. All of its
features can be run independently of any other program. But
they have made it possible for the owner to install Pinpoint
on the AppleWorks start-up disk. This permits you to use the
"closed-Apple" key to access the Pinpoint menu. If you have
the Pinpoint accessory disk in Drive 2 or have copied the
accessory you wish to use onto the disk you are using in
Drive 2, or have read everything into your expanded memory
card, then you can directly access the Pinpoint programs. Of
course, if you do not have that disk in Drive 2, then you must
switch disks before using Pinpoint's options.

On its surface it sounds good. If, for instance, you need to
make a couple of simple (add, subtract, multiply or divide)
calculations while in the middle of an AppleWorks file,
simply press a few keys and get the calculator on the screen.
It does work. But I question whether it is worth the trouble.
First you must access the Pinpoint menu. Second you must
insert the applications disk in Drive 2. Third you get the
calculator and make your calculations. Then you must switch

32 April 1986

disks again to get back to your AppleWorks files and finally
exit Pinpoint. It takes approximately 20 seconds to either
access or exit Pinpoint. In that time you could easily have
done the calculations on a hand calculator and saved a lot of
trouble. Only on a new Apple system with expanded memory
and direct and immediate access to RAM would this program
be an advantage.

AppleWorks can be booted into the computer system
without first using the system utilities start-up disk and will
set up the serial ports to accomodate any printer preset on the
AppleWorks program. Even though Pinpoint is installed on
the AppleWorks start-up disk, it works the printer independ-
ently of the AppleWorks program. Thus, you must use the
start-up utilities disk first to use Pinpoint. And, as I
discovered, I was not able to use the Pinpoint options for
different characters per inch and lines per inch to their fullest
in the text mode (see below for a discussion of graphics), even
though the Okidata was listed as a supported printer. At the
very same time, I was able to get all options on my printer,
when using the AppleWorks files.

In their advertisement, the Pinpoint publishers say,
"Pinpoint Desktop Accessories are file compatible with
AppleWorks. If you can run AppleWorks, you can run
Pinpoint..." This is not totally true. I also have an Apple
][r. 1 purchased "Plus-Works" which enables me to run
AppleWorks on the ][-- and take advantage of a Saturn 128K
expanded memory card, giving me an AppleWorks desktop of
136K on the J[+. I asked the Pinpoint company in a letter
whether I could run their program on the configured J[+.

Their answer: “The ][+ will never run Pinpoint. Pinpoint
requires the 65C02 microprocessor, enhanced CD and EF
ROM's, Mousetext Icons, and Open/Closed Apples (or
paddles)." Again, as in much recent software, the buyer must
beware that the advertisements are not always 100% accurate!

Furthermore, from other material they sent me, Pinpoint
will not work with early versions of RamWorks/Z-RAM
(Applied Engineering) or with MultiRam //e (Checkmate
Technology). (Pinpoint Publishing does offer a $20 RAM
enhancement program to take care of these problems.) It will
also not work with a parallel printer hooked up to a //c
through a "black box" without the user entering special POKE
commands (sent to me by the company after misinterpreting
my questions conceming non-Apple printers). None of these
restrictions are mentioned in the manual.

Assuming that none of these problems occurred and that
one owns the fanciest and newest Apple equipment, does
Pinpoint fall into a "must have" category? I think not, but it
is not expensive (retails for a list price of $69.) and some of
its options may suit the style and convenience of some users.

The Appointment Calendar is well designed. It shows a
monthly calendar and you can enter and change appointments
for any date. That date is then marked with an asterisk so that
visually you can see which dates in any month have
appointments. Then you can zoom into the date and make

contd.

Washington Apple Pi

entries. These can be printed so that you have a daily record
of your schedule.

Several restrictions apply to the calendar. It is only set up
to 1990. Presumably after 1990 (only 4 years away) you
would have to purchase a new copy of Pinpoint. Second, each
day having appointments uses about 1K of disk space. Using
the 5-1/4" disk (and using it exclusively for the calendar)
means that you can have about 140 days of appointments
before switching disks. And, the program only permits 255
filled in days. For business purposes, you could easily exceed
the limits for only one year's records and thus have to delete
many early days in order to add records. Thus, you must copy
the disks and/or make and keep hard copy of your schedules if
you intend to use this for tax record keeping notes. Further
(see above), having this on a separate disk requires additionl
time for switching disks each time a change is desired in your
calendar.

The Telephone Dialer is convenient, Of course you must
have a modem. It recognizes a ten-digit number on the screen
and will automatically dial that number upon hitting the
return key. Since local calls have only seven digits, in the set-
up mode there is a provision for Pinpoint to ignore the first
three digits of one area code (presumably the local one). But,
in the Washington, D.C. area (as well as New York City and
Los Angeles) more than one area code is included in the local
calling area. If you set the dialer to ignore the 202 area code,
for instance, all 301 and 703 calls will be incorrectly dialed.

The Calculator only performs simple four-function (add,
subtract, multiply and divide) routines. It is easy to work, but
is not very convenient. As mentioned above, it is slow to
access. And the results cannot be stored in a memory or
carried over to the text, spreadsheet or other work in progress
on the screen. All in all, the calculator is a good idea but
would be much better if it performed a variety of functions
beyond the basic four, had results that could be printed, and
could be accessed and removed quickly.

The Communications package is useful. The set-up
program for it is flexible and permits a variety of modems to
be used. It accomodates both 300 and 1200 baud rates. It can
be used for electronic mail, information data bases, and
sending and receiving files. There is also an automatic dialer
with provisions for special log-in numbers, etc.

The Notepad permits short memos (up to 32 lines) to be
created and stored. The notes are "windowed" on the screen.
The editing instructions are very similar to those of the
AppleWorks word processor. You can also directly print the
note. In addition, if you are using Pinpoint in conjunction
with AppleWorks, you can save the note as an AppleWorks
file. The notepad is a useful tool if you are using Pinpoint
alone. I do not see any real advantage to it if you are already
in AppleWorks, as it is just as easy to create a new Apple-
Works file with unlimited length and more editing functions.
Furthermore, without a hard disk or an expanded RAM, it
takes more time to create a note than a new AppleWorks file.

The QuickLabel program is quite useful. It scans the text
and puts the cursor on the closest thing in the text to an
address. You can then highlight just what part you want
printed, move the highlighted block easily around the screen
(to get in in position for printing in the right place on the
envelope already in your printer), and print the address block

Washington Apple Pi

automatically.

The Typewriter program simply allows you to directly
type to the printer. You can vary the pitch, lines per inch,
and several other functions such as bold face printing and
underlining. The degree of flexibility depends on your printer.
It prints a line at a time, thus allowing you to make
corrections to that line before it is printed.

The final program is called GraphMerge. The description
in the manual indicates that this would be a useful and clever
program. Unfortunately I could not test it because I do not
have an Imagewriter printer. “The company promises an
accessory program (at additional cost) in the future to permit
other printers to work with this program. In addition, it will
only work with an Apple Super Serial Card interface (with the
Imagewriter) or a parallel card that is 100% compatible with
an Apple Parallel Interface Card. The manual specifically
says, "Other printer cards will not work with GraphMerge."

The program permits you to take a high resolution pic-
ture, crop it, change its size, stretch it horizontally or verti-
cally, place it directly into an AppleWorks document, print
and save it. As this program appears to be very useful, I am
awaiting word from Pinpoint's Publishers about the avail-
ability of the accessory program.

The manual for Pinpoint is well written and explains the
various programs fully. According to both the manual and the
advertising, the publishers plan to add to the options available
in the future. They also plan to make available a "toolkit" so
that the user can program his own functions into the system.

In summary, this set of programs would work very well in
a thoroughly up-to-date Apple // system, preferably with only
Apple equipment. If I had expanded memory cards and the
ability to read both AppleWorks and Pinpoint directly into
memory, the problems I encountered with the the speed of
access to Pinpoint would disappear. But for most of us with
only slightly old or unmodified systems, Pinpoint is less than
ideal. Nevertheless, in spite of my impaitence with some of
the programs and my less than fully satisfactory
correspondence and support from the company, parts of the
system are very useful, and the updates that should be
forthcoming will make it all the more useful. The price is
modest and it is definitely worth considering as an adjunct to
existing ProDOS programs such as AppleWorks. My only
advice would be to hold off purchasing Pinpoint until the
company offers the add-ons it promises--particularly the easy
adaptability to a wide variety of printers for the graphics
package.

An]
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April 1986 33

I was recently challenged to write a FORTH program for
the model expert system shown in Knowledge-Based Expert
Systems Come of Age, by Richard O. Duda and John G.
Gaschnig, published originally in BYTE (Sept. 1981) and
republished as Chapter 3 of the book Applications in Artifi-
cial Intelligence. FORTH is well adapted to this type of
problem; the variables in the problem are either deduced
(analogs of FORTH colon words) or primitive inputs (analogs
of FORTH primitive words) supplied by the user in response
to requests for Yes/No answers. Thus a FORTH word which
investigates a possible conclusion from the input data auto-
matically provides for component words which investigate
lower-level conclusions which in turn investigate still lower-
level conclusions, and so on, down to the primitive level of
raw input data. At the end of the line, a TRUE or FALSE
value is found; FORTH comes back up the line drawing
conclusions on successive levels, until the original question is
answered. Several tracks down through levels may be
involved. The logical decision chart of the application is an
exact parallel of the structure of FORTH application words.

I made some changes in the problem diagram as given. In

ats
Meat
Pointed Forward
Teeth Eyes

April 1986

Gives
Milk

R12

the original, the OR operations were located inside the
attribute boxes; I extracted them and labelled every logical
output (from OR or AND) with a rule number.

In the diagram, each attribute is enclosed in a rectangular

box; each logical operation in a circle. Each attribute is
associated with a corresponding variable whose value is: 0
when the truth/falsity of the attribute is not yet known, 1
when the attribute is known to be true (either by deduction or
input), -1 when the attribute is known to be false. The name
of each attribute is defined to be a FORTH word which returns
the value of the variable associated with that attribute; each
numbered rule is also used for a word, e.g., RULE2, which
returns the value resulting from the corresponding logical
operation. Again, a TRUE is represented by 1, FALSE by -1,
and UNDECIDED by 0. Any return of 0, by any FORTH
word, calls for a word on the next lower level.

Loading the screens and entering RUN results in the
following "dialog" between the computer and operator (the Y,
N, and W responses at the end of each "Is this true: " line
comprise the operator's tiny share of the dialog. A second
sample dialog is also given below. These two samples show

the type of operation given by TOY.

| R15

R13 R14

Black
and White

Eggs

contd.

Washington Apple Pi

Hello.
I will use my rules to try to establish one of the following 7
hypotheses:
ANIMAL IS ALBATROSS
ANIMAL IS PENGUIN
ANIMAL IS OSTRICH
ANIMAL IS ZEBRA
ANIMAL IS GIRAFFE
ANIMAL IS TIGER
ANIMAL IS CHEETAH
Please answer my questions with Y (yes), N (no), or W
(why?).
Examining Rule #15
Is this true: ANIMAL FLIES Y
Examining Rule #3
Examining Rule #4
Is this true: ANIMAL LAYS EGGS Y
Rule #3 deduces that: ANIMAL IS BIRD
Is this true: ANIMAL FLIES WELL N
Rule #15 deduces that: ANIMAL IS ALBATROSS IS
FALSE
Examining Rule #14
Examining Rule #16
Rule #16 deduces that: ANIMAL CANT FLY IS FALSE
Rule #14 deduces that: ANIMAL IS PENGUIN IS FALSE
Examining Rule #13
Examining Rule #16
Rule #16 deduces that: ANIMAL CANT FLY IS FALSE
Rule #13 deduces that: ANIMAL IS OSTRICH IS FALSE
Examining Rule #12
Is this true: ANIMAL HAS BLACK STRIPES W
I'm working on rule #12
I already know that:
ANIMAL FLIES IS TRUE
ANIMAL LAYS EGGS IS TRUE
ANIMAL IS BIRD IS TRUE
ANIMAL CANT FLY IS FALSE
ANIMAL FLIES WELL IS FALSE
ANIMAL IS OSTRICH IS FALSE
ANIMAL IS PENGUIN IS FALSE
ANIMAL IS ALBATROSS IS FALSE

Please answer whether ANIMAL HAS BLACK STRIPES Y

Examining Rule #2

Examining Rule #7

Examining Rule #1

Is this true: ANIMAL HAS HAIR Y

Rule #1 deduces that: ANIMAL IS MAMMAL
Is this tue: ANIMAL HAS HOOFS Y

Rule #2 deduces that: ANIMAL IS UNGULATE
Rule #12 deduces that: ANIMAL IS ZEBRA

I conclude that ANIMAL IS ZEBRA

Second sample dialog: (called by START to avoid
repeating the introduction):
Examining Rule #15
Is this true: ANIMAL FLIES N
Rule #15 deduces that: ANIMAL IS ALBATROSS IS
FALSE

Washington Apple Pi

Examining Rule #14

Examining Rule #3

Examining Rule #4

Is this true: ANIMAL HAS FEATHERS N

Rule #3 deduces that: ANIMAL IS BIRD IS FALSE

Rule #14 deduces that: ANIMAL IS PENGUIN IS FALSE
Examining Rule #13

Rule #13 deduces that: ANIMAL IS OSTRICH IS FALSE
Examining Rule #12

Is this true: ANIMAL HAS BLACK STRIPES N

Rule #12 deduces that: ANIMAL IS ZEBRA IS FALSE
Examining Rule #11

Examining Rule #2

Examining Rule #7

Examining Rule #1

Is this true: ANIMAL HAS HAIR Y

Rule #1 deduces that: ANIMAL IS MAMMAL

Is this tue: ANIMAL HAS HOOFS N

Examining Rule #8

Is this tue: ANIMAL CHEWS CUD N

Rule #2 deduces that: ANIMAL IS UNGULATE IS FALSE
Rule #11 deduces that: ANIMAL IS GIRAFFE IS FALSE
Examining Rule #10

Is this true: ANIMAL HAS TAWNY COLOR Y
Examining Rule #5

Examining Rule #6

Is this tue: ANIMAL HAS POINTED TEETH N

Is this true: ANIMAL EATS MEAT N

Rule #5 deduces that: ANIMAL IS CARNIVORE IS FALSE
Rule #10 deduces that: ANIMAL IS TIGER IS FALSE
Examining Rule #9

Rule #9 deduces that: ANIMAL IS CHEETAH IS FALSE
Data supplied do not match any animal in my list

A valuable feature of FORTH is the ease of modifying
programs. The original problem made CANT FLY a primi-
tive input. After writing the program, I realized that CANT
FLY is the opposite of FLIES, so does not need a separate
primitive input. Screen 43 was modified to 43A to provide
for having a Rule #16, and Screen 49 was modified to 49A by
deleting line 3, CANT.FLY and adding line 13

: CANT.FLY 16 #RULE FLIES NEGATE USE ;

which corresponds to Rule #16 in the diagram. The only
"non-obvious” component word is USE; this tells FORTH to
store the value of the variable corresponding to CANT.FLY,
and to check for higher-level decisions to be made now that a
value is available. A second modification was made to the
original logic; for a bird to fly well, it must be able to fly!
Thus if it has already been determined that the animal doesn't
fly, there is no point to asking for the primitive FLIES
WELL. I therefore added a connection from FLIES to the
AND operation of Rule #15 (ALBATROSS). This was easily
done by inserting line 2 of Screen 56 (and adding the third
ENDIF at the end).

Di ] f t)
Screen 40: ARRAY defines a TABLE of variables num-
bered 1 thru 31, to correspond to the 31 attributes.
Screens 40/42 set up the various phrases that will be

April 1986 35

needed for printing. The variable component numbers in
TABLE correspond, e.g., 1 TABLE @ returns the value cor-
responding to HAIR.

Screen 43 converts rule numbers to the numbers of the
variables fed by those rules - needed by DECISION (Screen
43A adds rule 16)

Screen 44: KNOW scans the TABLE for TRUE and
FALSE attributes.

Screens 45/47 DECISION, REQUEST, and INPUT are
the logical operations of this program; stack effects are given
as line comments.

Screens 48/49 are the list of primitive input calls.

Screen 49A is the modification of Screen 49 to incorporate
rule #16.

Screens 50/57 comprise the description of the diagram of
the problem. Note the formats for OR and AND; if all
choices are exhausted without a decision, the contrary follows.

SCR # 40
0\ EXPERT SYSTEM TOY 15FEB86CHP)
1: ARRAY( n—)<BUILDS 2 * ALLOT DOES» SWAP 1-2*+;
231 ARRAY TABLE
3: PHRASE ( n—)
4 DUPI=IF."HASHAIR " ELSE
5 DUP2=IF." GIVES MILK " ELSE
6 DUP3 = IF .' EATS MEAT " ELSE
7 DUPA=-IF." HAS POINTED TEETH " ELSE
8 DUPS5=IF." HAS CLAWS " ELSE
9 DUP 6 =IF ." HAS FORWARD EYES " ELSE
10 DUP? =IF ." HAS HOOFS " ELSE
11 DUP 8 = IF." CHEWS CUD" ELSE
12 DUP 9 =IF ." HAS FEATHERS " ELSE
13 DUP 10 = IF." FLIES " ELSE
14 DUP 11 = IF ." LAYS EGGS " ELSE
15 ->

SCR # 41
0 \ PHRASES, continued 15FEB86CHP)
1 DUP 12 = IF." HAS TAWNY COLOR " ELSE
2 DUP 13 = IF." HAS DARK SPOTS " ELSE
3 DUP 14 = IF." HAS LONG LEGS " ELSE
4 DUP 15 = IF." HAS BLACK STRIPES " ELSE
5 DUP 16 = IF." CANT FLY " ELSE
6 DUP 17 = IF." HAS LONG NECK " ELSE
7 DUP 18 = IF." IS BLACK AND WHITE " ELSE
8 DUP 19 = IF." SWIMS " ELSE
9 DUP 20 = IF." FLIES WELL " ELSE
10 DUP 21 =IF." IS MAMMAL " ELSE
11 DUP 22 = IF." IS CARNIVORE " ELSE
12 DUP 23 = IF ." IS UNGULATE " ELSE
13 DUP 24 = IF .” IS BIRD” ELSE
14 DUP 25 = IF ." JS CHEETAH " ELSE
15 —>

SCR # 42

0 \ PHRASES, concluded 15FEB86CHP)

9 ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF
10 ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF

11 DROP ;

12 \ Corresponding variables in TABLE have same number

13 Y as phrase

14 : RESET 32 1 DO 0 I TABLE ! LOOP ;

15 —>

SCR # 43
01 Rule#-to-appropriate-variable-number
: R->V ( r—v)
DUP 1 = IF DROP 21 ELSE
DUP 2 = IF DROP 23 ELSE
DUP 5 - IF DROP 22 ELSE
DUP 3 = IF DROP 24 ELSE
16 +
ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ;

15FEB86CHP)

WO 00 -J ON CA a UJ t3

: REJECT ." Data supplied do not match any animal in my list"
10 CR;

11 1 Stack notation: r = rule number, v = variable number,

12 \ n = variable value, A = variable address

13 ->

SCR # 43A
01 Rule#-to-appropriate-variable-number
1: R->V (r—v)

2 DUP 1=IF DROP 21 ELSE

3 DUP 2 = IF DROP 23 ELSE

4 DUP 5 = IF DROP 22 ELSE

5 DUP 3 = IF DROP 24 ELSE

16FEB86CHP)

DUP 16 = IF DROP 16 ELSE
16 +
ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ;

10 : REJECT ."Data supplied do not match any animal in my list"
11 CR;

131 Stack notation: r = rule number, y = variable number,
14 Vn = variable value, A = variable address
15 —»»

SCR # 44
0 \ Statements
1: TRUE1=;
2: FALSE -1=;
: FETCH TABLE @ ;
: CONCLUSION ( r—)
R->V
> I conclude that ANIMAL " PHRASE CR ;

1SFEB86CHP)

: KNOW ." I already know that: " CR
32 1 DO I FETCH TRUE IF ." ANIMAL " I PHRASE ." IS
TRUE"
10 CR ENDIF LOOP 32 1 DOI FETCH FALSE IF
." ANIMAL " I PHRASE
11 ."IS FALSE" CR ENDIF LOOP ;

WO 00 dA tn WwW

1 DUP 26 = IF." IS TIGER " ELSE 12

2 DUP 27 = IF ." IS GIRAFFE " ELSE 13 : WHY ( v r—v r) ." I'm working on rule #" DUP . CR KNOW

3 DUP 28 = IF ." IS ZEBRA " ELSE 14 OVER ." Please answer whether ANIMAL " PHRASE ;

4 DUP 29 = IF." IS OSTRICH " ELSE 15 —>

5 DUP 30 = IF ." IS PENGUIN " ELSE

6 DUP 31 = IF." IS ALBATROSS " SCR # 45

7 ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF 0 1 More statements 15FEB86CHP)

8 ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF |: SRULE(r—r) DUP sonia:
36 April 1986 Washington Apple Pi

Nan”

2 ." Examining Rule $" . CR ;

4: STORE ( r n—r n v)

5 OVER RV

6 OVER OVER irnvnv
7 TABLE!; rav

9: DECISION ( r n v—n)

10 ROT \nvr
11 ."Rule #" . ." deduces that: ANIMAL" \nv
12 PHRASE \n
13 DUP FALSE IF ." IS FALSE" ENDIF CR ; \n
14
15 —>
SCR # 46
ON Request for input data 15FEB86CHP)

1: ASK ." Is this true: ANIMAL";

2
3: REQUEST (A v r—A n)

4 BEGIN KEY DUP EMIT CR

5 DUP 89 = IF DROP DROP DROP 1 DUP ELSE Y yes
6 DUP 78 = IF DROP DROP DROP -1 DUP ELSE Vno
7 87 = IF WHY 0 ELSE ." ERROR, TRY AGAIN "0

8 ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF UNTIL ;

10 : INPUT ( r v—r n)

11 OVER SWAP DUP \rrvv
12 TABLE DUP E \rrvAn
13 -DUP 0=

14 IF \rrvA

SCR # 47

ON Request for input, continued 15FEB86CHP)

1 ASK ROT ROT DUP \rArvy
PHRASE SWAP \rAvr
REQUEST \rAn
DUP ROT ! \rn
ELSE SWAP DROP SWAP DROP SWAP DROP irn
ENDIF ;

on OV CA A Ww tà

—>

SCR + 48

0\ LIST OF INPUTS

1 \ FORMAT: «NAME» v INPUT ;
: HAIR 1 INPUT ;
3 : GIVES.MILK 2 INPUT ;
4: EATS.MEAT 3 INPUT ;
5 : POINTED.TEETH 4 INPUT ;
6: CLAWS 5 INPUT ;
7: FORWARD.EYES 6 INPUT ;
8
9

15FEB86CHP)

: HOOFS 7 INPUT ;
: CHEWS.CUD 8 INPUT ;
10 : FEATHERS 9 INPUT ;
11 : FLIES 10 INPUT ;
12 : LAYS.EGGS 11 INPUT ;
13 : TAWNY.COLOR 12 INPUT ;
14 : DARK.SPOTS 13 INPUT ;
15 —>

SCR + 49
ON List of inputs, continued
1 : LONG.LEGS 14 INPUT ;

15FEB86CHP)

Washington Apple Pi

2: BLACK.STRIPES 15 INPUT ;

3: CANT.FLY 16 INPUT ;

4 : LONG.NECK 17 INPUT ;

5 : BLACK. AND. WHITE 18 INPUT ;
6 : SWIMS 19 INPUT ;

7 : FLIES. WELL 20 INPUT ;

11 : USE STORE DECISION ;

SCR # 49A
0 \ List of inputs, continued
1 : LONG.LEGS 14 INPUT ;
2: BLACK.STRIPES 15 INPUT ;
3
4: LONG.NECK 17 INPUT ;
3: BLACK.AND.WHITE 18 INPUT ;
6: SWIMS 19 INPUT ;
7 : FLIES.WELL 20 INPUT ;

16FEB86CHP)

10
11 : USE STORE DECISION ;

13 : CANT.FLY 16 #RULE FLIES NEGATE USE ;
15 —>

SCR # 50
OX RULE and ATTRIBUTE calls
1: RULE] 1 #RULE
2 HAIR TRUE IF 1 ELSE
3 GIVES.MILK TRUE IF 1 ELSE
4 -1 ENDIF ENDIF USE ;
5 : MAMMAL 21 FETCH -DUP 0s IF RULE! ENDIF ;
6
7
8
9

1SFEB86CHP)

\ Note format of OR-rule

: RULE7 7 #RULE DROP
MAMMAL FALSE IF -1 ELSE X Note format of AND-rule
HOOFS FALSE IF -1 ELSE
1 ENDIF ENDIF ;

11: RULES 8 #RULE DROP

12 MAMMAL FALSE IF -1 ELSE
13 CHEWS.CUD FALSE IF -i ELSE
14 1 ENDIF ENDIF ;

15 -->

SCR # 51

OX RULE calis, cont.

1 : RULE2 2 #RULE
RULE7 TRUE IF 1 ELSE
RULES TRUE IF 1 ELSE
-] ENDIF ENDIF USE ;

1SFEB86CHP)

: RULEA 4 #RULE DROP
FLIES FALSE IF -1 ELSE
LAYS.EGGS FALSE IF -1 ELSE
1 ENDIF ENDIF ;

O 0 -) OV CA & UY NN

10
11 : RULE3 3 #RULE
12 RULE4 TRUE IF 1 ELSE contd.

1986 37

13 FEATHERS TRUE IF 1 ELSE
14 -1 ENDIF ENDIF USE ;
15 —>

SCR + 52
OY RULE calls, cont. 15FEB86CHP)
1 : RULE6 6 #RULE DROP

2 POINTED.TEETH FALSE IF -1 ELSE

3 CLAWS FALSE IF -1 ELSE

4 FORWARD.EYES FALSE IF -1 ELSE

5 1 ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ;

: RULES 5 #RULE
RULE6 TRUE IF 1 ELSE
EATS.MEAT TRUE IF 1 ELSE
10 -1 ENDIF ENDIF USE ;

12 : CARNIVORE 22 FETCH -DUP 0= IF RULES ENDIF ;

14 : UNGULATE 23 FETCH -DUP 0= IF RULE2 ENDIF ;
15 —>

SCR # 53
OX RULE calls, cont. 15FEB86CHP)
1: BIRD 24 FETCH -DUP 0= IF RULE3 ENDIF ;

2
3: RULES 9 #RULE

4 MAMMAL FALSE IF -1 ELSE

5 CARNIVORE FALSE IF -1 ELSE

6 DARK.SPOTS FALSE IF -1 ELSE

7 TAWNY.COLOR FALSE IF -1 ELSE
8 1 ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF USE ;
9

10 : RULE10 10 #RULE

11 MAMMAL FALSE IF -1 ELSE

12 TAWNY.COLOR FALSE IF -1 ELSE

13 CARNIVORE FALSE IF -1 ELSE

14 BLACK.STRIPES FALSE IF -1 ELSE

15 1 ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF USE; ->

SCR # 54
0 \ RULE calls, cont. 15FEB86CHP)
: RULE11 11 #RULE
UNGULATE FALSE IF -1 ELSE
LONG.NECK FALSE IF -1 ELSE
DARK.SPOTS FALSE IF -1 ELSE
LONG.LEGS FALSE IF -1 ELSE
1 ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF USE ;

“IAA bh WD =

8 : RULE12 12 #RULE

9 BLACK.STRIPES FALSE IF -1 ELSE
10 UNGULATE FALSE IF -1 ELSE

11 1 ENDIF ENDIF USE ;

12 ->

SCR # 55
OX RULE calls, cont. 1SFEB86CHP)
: RULE13 13 #RULE
BIRD FALSE IF -1 ELSE
BLACK.AND.WHITE FALSE IF -1 ELSE
CANT.FLY FALSE IF -1 ELSE
LONG.NECK FALSE IF -1 ELSE

LA fa YN =

6 1 ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF USE ;

8: RULEIA 14 #RULE

9 BIRD FALSE IF -1 ELSE

10 CANT.FLY FALSE IF -1 ELSE

11 BLACK.AND.WHITE FALSE IF -1 ELSE
12 SWIMS FALSE IF -1 ELSE

13 1 ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF USE ;

14 ->

SCR # 56

0\ RULE calls, cont. 16FEB86CHP)

1: RULE15 15 #RULE

2 FLIES FALSE IF -1 ELSE

3 BIRD FALSE IF -1 ELSE

4 FLIES.WELL FALSE IF -1 ELSE
5 1 ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF USE ;
6
7
8
9

: CHEETAH 25 FETCH -DUP 0= IF RULES ENDIF
TRUE IF 9 CONCLUSION ELSE REJECT ENDIF ;

: TIGER 26 FETCH -DUP 0- IF RULE10 ENDIF
10 TRUE IF 10 CONCLUSION ELSE CHEETAH ENDIF ;
11 : GIRAFFE 27 FETCH -DUP 0= IF RULE11 ENDIF
12 TRUE IF 11 CONCLUSION ELSE TIGER ENDIF ;
13 : ZEBRA 28 FETCH -DUP 0= IF RULE12 ENDIF
14 TRUE IF 12 CONCLUSION ELSE GIRAFFE ENDIF ;
15 ->

SCR # 57
0\ RULES, concl. - INITIALIZATION 15FEB86CHP)
1 : OSTRICH 29 FETCH -DUP 0= IF RULE13 ENDIF
2 TRUE IF 13 CONCLUSION ELSE ZEBRA ENDIF ;
3 : PENGUIN 30 FETCH -DUP 0= IF RULE14 ENDIF
4 TRUE IF 14 CONCLUSION ELSE OSTRICH ENDIF ;
5: ALBATROSS 31 FETCH -DUP 0= IF RULE15 ENDIF
6 TRUE IF 15 CONCLUSION ELSE PENGUIN ENDIF ;
7
8: INTRO .” Hello." CR
9.” I will use my rules to try to establish one of the following
10 7 hypotheses:” CR
11 5 SPACES ." ANIMAL " 31 PHRASE CR
12 5 SPACES ." ANIMAL " 30 PHRASE CR
13 5 SPACES ." ANIMAL “ 29 PHRASE CR
14 5 SPACES ." ANIMAL " 28 PHRASE CR
15 .»

SCR # 58
OX RUN and START - final screen 15FEB86CHP)
1 5 SPACES ." ANIMAL " 27 PHRASE CR
2 5 SPACES ." ANIMAL " 26 PHRASE CR
3 5 SPACES ." ANIMAL " 25 PHRASE CR CR CR
4 ." Please answer my questions with Y (yes), N (no),
or W (why)."
5 CRCRCR CR;
6
7: START RESET ALBATROSS ;
8
9: RUN INTRO START ;

10 $

April 1986 Washington Apple Pi

APPLE // PASCAL 1.3.
UPGRADE OFFER -

by Michael Hartman

Last December, Apple Computer released the latest
version of its Pascal system for the Apple // family of
computers. Apple Pascal 1.3 has a number of new features and
enhancements to the operating environment and the language.
The two most significant features of the new release are
support for the UniDisk 3.5 800K drive (and all devices which
follow the ProDOS block device protocol) and an excellent
950-page manual covering the operating system and language.
Enhancements to the language itself include an OTHERWISE
clause for the CASE statement and the BYTESTREAM and
WORDSTREAM data types, which allow array parameters of
indefinite length. Again, both 64K and 128K systems are
included in the product, and almost all code written under
Pascal 1.2 will run under 1.3 without recompilation.

An upgrade program similar to that which accompanied
the release of Pascal 1.2 is in effect for current Apple // Pascal
owners. Because of the extensive changes to the product, the
upgrade actually consists of the entire Pascal 1.3 product.
This includes the manual, four 5-1/4" diskettes, and one 3-
1/2" diskette (the two formats have identical contents). To
order the upgrade, mail your original Applel: Pascal diskette
and a check or money order for $125 to the following address:

Apple Computer, Inc.
Pascal 1.3 Upgrade

P.O. Box 306

Half Moon Bay, CA 94019

Allow 4-6 weeks for delivery. And I am happy to report
that the upgrades are being shipped on time (the 1.2 upgrade
program was marred by delays of several months). The
upgrade offer expires on May 16, 1986, so act now.
Purchasers of Apple Pascal 1.2 within 90 days of the official
1.3 release date might be entitled to a free upgrade; see your
Apple dealer about this. (For those of you interested in
buying Pascal for the first time, the 1.3 release is the
unmarked, big gray-and-yellow Workbench binder on your
dealers' shelves. Someone at Apple forgot the labels.)

One piece of bad news for those with peripherals requiring
SYSTEM.ATTACH is that the 1.3 version of this is not gen-
erally available yet.This is a repeat of the 1.2 release problem:
ATTACH itself is ready, but the update of the ProDOS
Support Tools software is holding up release of the entire 1.3
Pascal Device Support Tools package. If you own a hard disk
or other device requiring ATTACH, I recommend that you
include a letter to Apple with your upgrade order requesting
inclusion of the SYSTEM.ATTACH file (only) in the stand-
ard Apple // Pascal product. This is currently being discussed
at Apple, and input from customers might make it happen.

I have had the 1.3 release for over a month now, and am
very happy with it. I recommend the upgrade to everyone—
there are many significant improvements that I have not men-
tioned. Next month, I expect to have an article here on these
features and on the variety of Pascal support software now
available from Apple. &

Washington Apple Pi

: shrink, position and overlay graphs.

DATA SHOW: Presentation quality research and business

graphics including 2 and 3D bar and pie charts, linear and
non linear regression, sequence plots, line charts, and ||
more. Software screen dump, fancy fonts, slide show,
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widest variety of statistical procedures currently available.
CE: $195.00

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Both programs are fully documented, menu driven, fast and ||
easy to use. For Apple // computers with minimum 64K

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Major charge cards, institutional P.O.s, COD and dealer
inquiries accepted.

CALL OR WRITE FOR FREE DEMO DISKETTE

DYNAMIC MICROSYSTEMS, INC.
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(301) 384-2754

April 1986 39

drip rmm a mm de
— o A t Med OS OS hri savers COC perm urupde see PP m 2
[112

Good grief! Duke's production of "You're a Good Man,
Charlie Brown" --for which I designed the lighting--just closed
(tonight, in fact), and I'm beyond exhausted. Please pardon
any lack of coherence in this column, and I beg forgiveness of
my editor for sending it in so late. (Ed. Note: This article ar-
rived too late for the March Journal for which it was intended.)

Consumer Advisory (formerly "Mail order blues"): I've
already received a couple of letters in response to February's
query about mail order service, and I strongly suspect there
will be more very soon. First, from Robert L. Vandegrift: On
November 8, Robert telephone ordered "Typing Made Easy"
for his Mac from Northeastern Software in Stratford, Con-
necticut. As of January 28, he had not received the software,
despite the fact that his credit card had been billed. He has
called Northeastern weekly, but no action has been taken, as
far as he can tell. I feel that it is highly dubious business
practice to charge someone for something that they have never
been sent. Letter number two is from Duncan Langford in
Kent, England (WAP goes international!); Duncan has had
some terrible experiences with several American mail order
houses. First, he ordered three items from MacCorner (which
advertises in the Journal) last June; though he was told they
were in stock and that they would be shipped "tomorrow," he
never received them. Phone calls and letters produced only
excuses. (At least they never charged his credit card.) Next,
he had a problem with Software Dimensions. Duncan ordered
about $150 worth of games, for which he was immediately
billed. You guessed it--after eight phone calls (remember,
these are transatlantic calls, during business hours!) and
letters, the order finally arrived in mid-January. Next came
Business Computers of Peterborough (home of BYTE

magazine). At the beginning of November, he ordered Think

Tank 128. To make a long story shorter, he hasnt yet
received it, though his card has been charged. Business
Computers recently suggested that he write a letter to the
president of the company (which he has done). There really
isn't a lot I can say about all this, except caveat emptor. 1
wish both Duncan and Robert luck in obtaining what is owed
them, and I hope this column helps.

In other news... Well, we finally have a Mac suitable for
"serious" use. Personally, I like the Mac Plus. It has enough
memory, it's fast, it has a numeric keypad and cursor keys
(YAY?), and it has a SCSI (which I'm informed is pronounced
"scuzzy"--how nice) interface. Apple even offers an almost
reasonable upgrade policy: $300 for the disk/ROM upgrade
and $800 for the motherboard/back panel upgrade. (Of course,
$800 is a little steep, but it should come down sooner or
later.) The only drawback, of course, is that you have to have
a Fat Mac to do any of this to your machine. Else you have
to pay extra. Ah, the hazards of having held out for a cheap,
Apple-approved upgrade...

40 April 1986

P.O. Box 22171
Duke Station
^ Durham, NC 27706 |

PRD A o IIA we

Hard drives. One of the benefits that will come out of the
Mac Plus' SCSI port is cheap hard disk drives. Right now,
you can buy a 10 MB hard drive for the IBM PC family for
less than the price of a Mac external disk drive. Meanwhile,
we Mac owners pay upwards of $1100 for even the cheapest
10 MB hard drive. Well, IBM drive makers have only to
make simple modifications to their drives (which some of
them have already begun) in order to make them Mac-
compatible. Voilà! Cheap Mac drives! (I hope present Mac
drive makers realize that the market is about to drop out from
under them!)

Basically random comment. For "You're a Good Man,
Charlie Brown," I used a Kliegl Bros. Performer II comput-
erized light board to control the lighting. Now, I've been told
that this piece of equipment costs over a hundred thousand
dollars (whether that's true or not, I can't say for certain; I
wouldn't be surprised if it were, however). It looks like one
of those old Southwest Technical Products Corporation
computers--big, bulky, and very ugly--but it has a numeric
keypad, some special keys, and ten manual backup faders on
the front instead of a typewriter keyboard. The software
(which is actually in ROM) functions perfectly, but the hard-
ware is slightly unreliable. The point of all this is that for
about a fiftieth of the cost of one of these Performers, one
could probably assemble a much more reliable and user-
friendly (not to mention much better graphics) control system
using a Mac or an Apple //. There's an opportunity here for
some enterprising developer...

Completely random comment. Have you ever noticed the
terminology of computers? For instance: the machine itself
is "hardware," the programs you put into it are “software,” but
programs that are built into the machine are "firmware." Then
you have "bugs," which foul up your software and "glitches,"
which affect hardware. And so on. The most amusing thing to
me, though, is that all of these terms are used with straight
faces by executives, government employees, and even lawyers
(I know one lawyer who constantly talks about bugs in his
gaming software).

More on my malfunctioning modem. I haven't really had
a chance to do anything about my modem (a Prometheus
Promodem 1200), which you'll recall broke down over
Christmas vacation after less than five months of use. For
those of you with whom I correspond via CompuServe Easy-
Plex, thats the reason you haven't heard from me lately.
You'll have to wait until next time to hear how things get
resolved.

Jonathan and other rumors. A lot of people seem to think
that the Mac Plus is the long-awaited Jonathan that Apple has
had under development for the past year. Not so! Jonathan is
a completely open (like a //e or an IBM PC: it's got slots!)

Macintosh. Rumor has it that this computer will be availabe
contd.

Washington Apple Pi

—

in early summer (yeah, sure) and that it will look very much
unlike the present Mac. People have asked about an upgrade
policy to the Jonathan, but personally, I don't expect that to
be possible. It will probably be cheaper to wait a while, then
buy a brand new one.

To boldly go where no designer has gone before... Im
getting very much involved in theatre again (as you may have
been able to tell from my comments this month and last),
especially the technical side. Specifically, I'm interested in
scenography (set and lighting design). Right now, set and
lighting design involves lots of laborious drafting--for those
of us who aren't so good with our T-squares and triangles,
anyhow. The wave of the future, of course, is computer-aided
design (CAD), which would eliminate much of the mechanical
aspects of design and free the scenographer to fully express his
art. I want to see if I can implement some sort of CAD sys-
tem for theatre with what I've got available to me (and maybe
a couple of inexpensive peripherals). Any suggestions? More
on this as I begin fooling around.

Pardonez-moi, s'il vous plait! Sorry this has been so
short, but this month wasn't the world's most relaxing for me.
Next month, I promise an in-depth look at Apple's latest
moves (complete with my usual commentary), a survey of the
rumor mill, and a glance into the ol' crystal ball. Keep
sending in your comments about mail order places so I can
pass them on. Also, drop me a line or two if there's anything
(at all) that you want to talk about. I haven't been too good
about it lately, but I'm going to start writing back to all of

you who've sent me mail! See y'all next month. G5

Q & A contd. from pg 17

Spreadsheets are the most popular reason for adding
memory; data bases probably come next. Once you have
decided what program you are going to use, select a Ram
card that works with that program.

Q. Iuse my computer mainly to keep track of my finances
and telecommunications. I also have a number of games.
Do you think an Aple Unidisk 3.5 would be better for
me than say a 10 MByte Sider?

A. I really think that must be your decision. However, I can
give you my philosophy on the subject. The Sider is of
course a hard disk, and most hard disks on the Apple
don't really have any convenient method for making
backup copies. It just takes so many floppies and so
much time that people don't bother. The one exception
to this is the new B-Sider unit that provides tape backup
for the Sider and Sider II. Anyone that stores unrecov-
erable data on a hard disk without backup is looking for
trouble. The only useful purpose I see for a hard disk
without backup capability is to transfer programs to it
from floppy disks so they are readily accessible. When
(not if, but when) the hard disk fails, the programs can be
reloaded from floppy. If on the other hand you mostly
use one or two programs that require large amounts of
data the 3.5 Unidisk may be a better deal. Be sure you
get two, though, so you can make backups.

I get any number of calls from people asking if its
easy to recover data from a damaged diskette. 1 reply,
"Sure, just get out your backup copy."

Washington Apple Pi

THE PRICE IS RIGHT ON...

Apple™ Software Macintosh™ Software
AR/AP/PR(BPI) ea. $235 MacOneWrite ea. $165
Dollars & Sense 83 RagstoRichesea. 14
ASCII Pro 88 Straight Talk 55
Compuserve Starter 26 HabaDex w/Comm. 68
pfs: File, Report ea. 86 OverVue 2.0 200
DB Master 4+ 160 Megafiler 120
Education
Barron's SAT 74 Speed Reader Il 48
Create w/Garfield 21 Typing Tutor III 42
Graphics
Fontrix 1.5 65 ReadySetGo 2.0 85
Printographer 28 DaVinci:Landscapes 20
Leisure
Karataka 24 Hitchiker's Guide 28
Microleague B'ball 28 — Spellbreaker 35
Terrapin LOGO 3.0 69 MacForth II 150
Let's Explore Basic 28 Turbo Turtle 42
Multiplan 58 Excel 260
pfs: Plan 86 HabaCalc N Graph 68
MouseWrite(req. Mouse) 86 MS Word 132
Word Perfect 1.0 96 Think Tank 512 145

Buy MOUSE WRITE for your Apple llc or lle
------ List price $125.... Your cost $86 ------

c6o0G6D0O002009000000900000980220000000000052002000005005000060200000000

g a g (5.7) Mousewrite (Roger Wag-
ner Publishing) — An Apple Ilc and Ile
word processor that mimics Macwrite,
Mousewrite offers pull-down menus filled
with easy-to-use features. We strongly
recommend purchasing a mouse in order to
take advantage of this product. Mousewrite
is worth a test drive for home and small-
business users. Category: Performance
Software. (11/18/85)

oODOGGODGQQGGSGAGGQÈÉEQOGGGGORRNC€QNG b0000000900 soovon 6000000000000606000000000000000
e

Copyright 1986 by Popular Computing Inc., a subsidiary
of CW Communications Inc. Reprinted from InfoWorld,
Menlo Park, CA 94025

Ask for a copy of our Apple or Macintosh catalog containing
hundreds of other programs. Also, ask about our volume
discount prices for 10 or more of any one item.

$3 shipping and handling per order (UPS-$4). MD residents,
add 5%sales tax. No charges or COD's. Prices subject to
change. Call for items not listed.

COMPUTER WARE UNLIMITED

P.O. BOX 1247 COLUMBIA, MD 21044
301/854-2346

April 1986 41

[BEST OF THE APPLE ITEMS FROM UBBS -

| by =Alexander-

IS IBM-TYPE A BETTER DEAL?
JOE ENGLAND ON 02/01 TO ALL
Has anyone else noticed the large number of very inexpensive
IBMPC and XT clones that have been hitting the market
lately? This has me seriously thinking of committing the trea-
sonous act of going IBM (clone). I used to be able to say, "I
can do anything on my Apple that can be done on an IBM at a
fraction of the cost." Now the reverse is true. Compare the
price of a (for instance) Zenith Z-148 with 360K floppy, 10
meg hard disk, serial and parallel ports, 256K memory, mono-
chrome monitor, keyboard, etc. at $1795, with a comparably
equipped Apple //e (with Sider, Ramworks, serial and parallel,
etc ). The Zenith is cheaper. Don't like Zenith? Take your
pick of several others at about the same price or less. Some
have been getting good recommendations from people whose
opinions I have no reason to disrespect. This is all very seduc-
tive, and I believe it may mean serious problems for Apple if
they don't take some corrective action. What action? I don't
know, I'm no Sculley (and I say that with a certain gladness).
Don't misread my intent; I've always been happy with my ][+
and Apple products in general because they were a good value.
I believe this may not be true any longer. Please, someone
convince me that I'm wrong about this.

DAVID P. KEMP ON 02/02 TO ALL

I would't go so far as to even consider using a machine by that
other company, but Apple may be shooting itself in the foot
(or head) by its policies. Apple products have always been
overpriced, and their actions throughout history have been
aimed at stifling competition. Some years back they took
action against their own dealers who were selling at a dis-
count, and they have been very active in court against Apple
clone makers. I'm not a Mac user, but I don't remember ever
seeing a Mac clone even advertised. Maybe Jobs and now
Sculley know best, but I think the lack of third party clones is
a negative for the company. The reason I haven't bought a
Mac is that it is so overpriced; the reason I haven't bought an
Amiga is because it may not survive.

EDMON J. DONNELLAN ON 02/02 TO JOE ENGLAND

I also think Apple is shooting itself in the foot. Notwith-
standing the IBM and cousin machines which, like it or not,
now hold 70% of the PC market, Apple will soon be at a very
severe disadvantage in even the less expensive home market.
The Amiga is getting rave reviews and Atari has just released
a 68000-1 megabyte machine for under $1000. The // line has
been doing well because of a large base of loyal users and the
availability of good application software. It is becoming more
painfully obvious, however, that the // has become an over-
priced, obselete machine, and Apple is postponing the obvi-
ous upgrades for reasons most likely having to do with
marketing--taking one more year of high profits and minimiz-
ing potential competition with the Mac. Look through the
last issue or two of BYTE and be saddened by what is happen-
ing, which is NOT being made available for the Apple //. I
also wish someone would reassure me, but I guess when you
go from a garage to a large corporation you change.

42 April 1986

MIKE UNGERMAN ON 02/02TO JOE ENGLAND

For the first time computer user, I have always felt that Apple
products were far superior to IBM. The user friendliness of
popping in a disk and going is not matched by IBM, where
you have to do extensive configuration on most programs
(like DB II, or R-BASE, or 1-2-3 etc). I spent almost 4 hours
figuring out Word Star II and getting it up and running on an
IBM portable in our office - and I like to feel that I have some
computer knowledge. I have never had similar problems with
an Apple.

TOM O'HAGAN ON 02/03 TO MIKE UNGERMAN

Try installing Pinpoint/Appleworks/Ramworks. Five hours
and it's up and working but I have configuration problems to
resolve.

IBM/APPLE CLONE

JOE ENGLAND ON 02/12 TO DEBBY STAR

The sum total of my knowledge of the IBM/Apple clone is
what I read in the advertisement. Does it run ALL Apple and
IBM Software? In my opinion, not even real Apples and
IBM's do that.

JOE ENGLAND ON 02/12 TO BRETT PARKS

Actually, an IBM (or slot compatible clone) with one of those
Apple emulation cards, I forget the name, will actually read an
Apple formatted disk right from its own slimy little disk
drive. Won't read copy protected stuff, though. Also, only
works with Apple programs that run in 48K.

DEBBY STAR ON 02/17 TO JOE ENGLAND

Just to let you know, I called VF Associates. Tom, the
owner told me that ALL IBM and Apple software can be run
on their new machine. Not only that, but for $30 extra, it will
run with a speed of 8 MHz. I'm considering purchasing one;
however am somewhat reluctant to accept all of the claims.
Am interested in knowing if anyone has heard anything about
this machine. (Incidently, the warranty is for 1 year).

DEBBY STAR ON 02/17 TO MIKE UNGERMAN/ALL
Thanks for the msg. As I said in a previous message, Tom of
VF Assoc., said he had a transfer program that would allow
files to be transferred automatically from Apple to MSDOS
(sans null modem). If their Quadram board is better than the
old one (Tom SAID it would run ALL Apple software), then
it's a fantastic deal! He also mentioned that adding a hard drive
($499), will work only for the MSDOS programs and not the
Apple. The modem will ron from either Apple or IBM. This
week VF will have one up and running, 1 was told.

MIKE UNGERMAN ON 02/17 TO LEE RAESLY/ALL

Lee, not to be contrary, but the Quadram Apple board *did*
work. We installed one in an IBM clone at work. However
"work" can mean a lot of things. It would read Apple disks,
run Applesoft programs that were not protected and do some
machine language routines (the monitor was also available).
It was limited in what we wanted it for - running VisiCalc and
DB Master.

contd.

Washington Apple Pi

MARK WHEATLEY ON 02/17 TO ALL

To all w/ questions about the VF Associates "VF-PC" clone:
I am now using one, having put it together in an evening.
Other than a few missing parts and having to pick up a 20Mb
hard disk a few days later, all has been fine. I got the Turbo
motherboard which runs at 4.77 or 8 MHz. A fair amount of
software does NOT work on 8 MHz (eg. PC-Talk,
COPYIIPC, Wang WP). Am now using the Multi-I/O card
and Novation modem at 2400. Have not found any IBM
software that will not run at "normal" clock speed. Next step
is to try the Quadram clone!

JOE ENGLAND ON 02/17 TO DEBBY STAR/ALL

I guess the only way to tell for sure is to actually see the
thing do the particular things you want it to do in person. As
to whether you should believe dealer claims, my opinion is
that you should neither believe nor disbelieve them until you
have experimented with the product. WF does seem to be
pretty good about allowing this. I personally have no knowl-
edge of the product other than what I read in the ad, but I have
bought from VF before, (Promodem, ALL disk purchases,
EPS keyboard, CCS card, etc.) and I find them to be just fine.

LEE RAESLY ON 02/17 MIKE UNGERMAN/ALL
Well, Mike, not to be pickey, but then for your purposes, it
did not work?

DEBBY STAR ON 02/18 TO MIKE UNGERMAN/ALL

I spoke with VF associates about the Apple card. It's not a
Quadram board, nor a clone of that board. It's called a Track
card, and is supposed to run all protected and unprotected
software that's published for the ](+.

LIFE

JIM RHODES ON 02/08 TO ALL

A friend of the Rose Buda said: "You can live well if you are
rich and you can live well if you are poor but it's a lot cheaper
if you are poor."

LEE RAESLY ON 02/09 TO JIM RHODES
As my father used to say, "I've been rich, and I've been poor.
Rich is better!"

TOM WARRICK ON 02/09 TO LEE RAESLY/ALL
I didn't know your father was Sophie Tucker!

EDMON J. DONNELLAN ON 02/10 TO JIM RHODES

To the Rose Buda's friend: I would prefer to be rich and live
poorly than to be poor and live poorly, for a wise man can see
farther from the top of a hill than can a fool from the bottom
of a well.

THERON FULLER ON 02/10 TO JIM RHODES
Somebody or other observed: "While money can't buy happi-
ness, it sure does make misery a lot more fun."

EDMON J. DONNELLAN ON 02/11 TO JIM RHODES
Perhaps a solution to this difficult problem is to live in
serenity, without desire, with a very wealthy, ailing uncle.

JIM RHODES ON 02/11 TO THERON FULLER

Maybe most of the fun is in getting there. Therefore, poverty
is a good thing because it gives you the opportunity to get
richer.

Washington Apple Pi

DONALD KAHLER ON 02/11 TO JIM RHODES
Confucious says, "He who sitteth on a tack is better off"

THERON FULLER ON 02/11 TO JIM RHODES

No, riches are better. It leaves you the option of giving it all
away and having all the fun of getting there again, to try and
get richer than you are, or to maximize "happiness" with the
status quo. Poverty gives you only two options: content-
ment with the status quo, and the "fun of getting there."

THERON FULLER ON 02/11 TO JIM RHODES

Actually, a ham sandwich is better than eternal happiness.
Nothing is better than eternal happiness. And a ham sandwich
is certainly better than nothing.

JOE CHELENA ON 02/11 TO JIM RHODES
If you were to profit from death would you not rather be poor?
Money can not take the place of someone you have lost.

EUCLID COUKOUMA ON 02/12 TO ALL

Solving problems is a great pleasure. Therefore, one who has
many problems is very rich since he has so many opportun-
ities to experience great pleasure!

LOU PASTURA ON 02/12 TO JIM RHODES
Whether you're rich or poor, it's nice to have money.

THERON FULLER ON 02/12 TO ALL
Life is the cereal that Mikey likes.

CHARLES DON HALL ON 02/12 TO ALL
.. you can try and get into Heaven, which I picture as a
gigantic balcony with an unobstructed view of Hell.

PAUL H. SCHLOSSER ON 02/12 TO ALL
WHEW ! And I thought this computer stuff was confusing.....

AMAC IS..
ERIC RALL ON 02/15 TO REGINA LITMAN/ ALL

What is a Mac?

RICH MLODOCH ON 02/16 TO ERIC RALL

The mac is a machine you can use to draw a circle on the
screen and then paint it in with a pattern of bricks. Nifty huh?
But of course if you want the bricks to be red like many real
brick are you have to get a paint and brush and hand paint it
on the screen.Crayons are also an exceptable color adding tool.

JOE ENGLAND ON 02/25
I've noticed that, since the Macintosh came out, a faint but
pervasive aura of chauvinism has developed among both Mac
and // users, sometimes even rising to the level of
antagonism. Why this should be is beyond my (feeble)
powers of understanding, but I think that, in all fairness, we
should stand back and take a good look at the relative merits
of both microcomputers. I think it would be fair to say that
while the Apple // is functional, well supported by both the
hardware and software after-markets, and pleasing to look at,
the Macintosh is about the right size and shape to be useful
for chocking your car wheels while changing tires. And, with
only a hack saw and a half hour of time, a Mac could be
transformed into a truly stunning ashtray or planter. Other
well reasoned and impartial views are welcome.

contd. on pg 46

April 1986 43

The second meeting of the Desktop Publishing (DPub)
SIG was held on March 8, and was so well attended that there
was standing room only as the meeting began. Since WAP's
meeting room is going to be too small, we have begun
investigating the possibility of using some other place for
future meetings. Our next meeting, on April 12, will be at a
location that will be posted on the DPub BBS and the WAP
answering machine prior to the meeting.

As was mentioned at the meeting, there are two major
shows in the DC-Baltimore area which are of interest. The
first, being held by the Logical Choice in Baltimore on March
20 and 21, will probably be passed by the time you read this;
the second show is FOSE, the Federal Office Systems
Exposition, at the DC Convention Center on April 8-10.
Both shows promise to be great events. Apple will show off
its desktop publishing capabilities by putting together the
ideal Macintosh Office — complete with several Macintosh
Pluses and LaserWriter Pluses, a Linotronic 100 typesetter,
and an Abaton Scan 300, a full page 300 dpi digitizer, and
Mac-Bridge, a card for IBM PCs and compatibles which
allows them to connect directly onto AppleTalk, transfer files
to Macintoshes, and print on the LaserWriter. Come to the
shows to see it all work!

Because I am involved in helping Apple prepare for
these shows, Apple has loaned me a LaserWriter Plus, which
I brought to the meeting. Since Apple's announcements in
mid-January, most people have been concentrating on the
changes in the Macintosh Plus and barely commenting on the
LaserWriter Plus, only saying that it has several new fonts.
These fonts (Avant Garde, Bookman, Narrow Helvetica, New
Century Schoolbook, Palatino, Zapf Chancery and Zapf
Dingbats) bring the total of typefaces in the Laser's ROMs to
35, and some of them, especially Chancery and Palatino, look
incredibly good. The fonts, however, are not the only new
thing about the LaserWriter Plus. A new option, cover page,
has been added to the Laser's print dialog box. You can
choose to print a cover page before or after your job, or not at
all. This page lists the name of the workstation, the
application and file names, the date and time of the print job.
In an office setting with many people sharing one centrally
located LaserWriter, this will ease the confusion of figuring
out which pages belong to whom. Another feature was added
to the LaserWriter Plus’ driver which will also help in a multi-
user situation. Formerly, if the LaserWriter was out of paper,
the Macintosh screen would report this by indicating that the
job status as “printer out of paper”. With the new driver, the
Macintosh will beep until the paper tray is taken out of the
LaserWriter.

At one point during our meeting, a discussion was

44 April 1986

Started concerning some bugs in MacDraw (by the way, the
Current version of this program is 1.9). For some unknown
reason, MacDraw does not save font information in the same
way that most other programs do. When text is entered,
MacDraw remembers that the text is in the font which is at a
certain position in its menu, rather than saving the font’s id
number (which is what other programs do). What this means
is that, when the document is opened up on a later occasion,
text will be drawn using whatever font is at that position on
the menu, regardless of whether that is the same font as
before.

MacDraw’s second problem has to do with moving two
or more objects at the same time, one of which is text. As
you move the objects, you will notice that the text moves at a
slower rate than the other objects, taking it out of alignment
with the other objects. This bug is caused by the ruler settings
in the custom rulers dialog box. The bug occurs only if the
product of the major and minor divisions is not a multiple of
eight. For example, if you set 1 major and 16 minor divis-
ions, you will have no problem, since 16 is a multiple of 8.
However, 1 major division and 10 minor divisions will not
work correctly. To solve this problem, either change the
number of divisions, or turn off the grid.

As we become more involved with desktop publishing,
we will find that there are specific problems and questions
which we face that the rest of the “rest of us” do not. For
example, those concerning typesetting hardware and software.
Therefore, starting next month I will use a portion of this
column to cover questions and answers. I will either answer,
in greater detail, questions posed during our meeting, or
provide answers to questions that people send in. The best
way to do that would be to call up WAP's System 3 board and
leave a message for me in the DPub BBS (or you could leave
it for the SYSOP, Mark Walter). The System 3 board is down
as I write this, but should be up again before the end of
March. .

Oh, by the way, for those of you who have a Mac Plus
connected to a LaserWriter Plus in your living room, as I do,
hang it up if you’re trying to use PageMaker version 1.1.
First, you have to use LaserNamer to give the LaserWriter
Plus the name “LaserWriter”; even after you do that, it still
treats the additional font sets as bit-mapped fonts instead of
vectors. While version 1.2 is supposed to correct this little
problem, it sure does take all the fun out of being the first one
on your block with a LaserWriter Plus.

DPub SIG's next meeting will be on April 12 from
noon to 2 at a location to be determined (probably PEPCO in
downtown Washington). Stay tuned to the BBSs and the WAP
phone line for final location. See you then! (5

Washington Apple Pi

Here's more information on directly driving the Laser-
Writer with a //e, using the new Synergetics program and
utilities ($39.95, direct) mentioned during the February
meeting and in the March Journal. Most of this is based on a
reading of the long tutorial provided on Volume III of the
three-disk package. The disks, glossary listings and other
information are available from Don Lancaster, Synergetics,
Box 809, Thatcher, Ariz. 85552; (602) 428-4073.

A copied Volume II from this set, which contains the
operating part of the utility, has so far refused to run, return-
ing (when pushed too far) an error message that reads: "Uh,
that wasn't one of my disks." We hope to have a report in a
future issue on actual results.

Meanwhile, the following can be said. According to Lan-
caster, driving the Laserwriter with the //e, using Apple Writer
files, is the most powerful way to exploit the full potential of
the LaserWniter with its built-in Adobe Systems PostScript
interpreter. "Apple Writer,” he says, "does as good (and very
often a spectacularly better!) job of driving the LaserWriter
than can anything running on the Macintosh.” Heady words
for a //e owner!

Based on the documentation, to accomplish such feats
requires working in PostScript, a typesetting and graphics
language similar to Forth (but only "superficially," according
to Adobe). Apple Writer is Lancaster's word processing pro-
gram of choice for this, using embedded commands, Post-
Seript code, and making use of Apple Writer's glossary capa-
bility and WPL word-processing macro language.

The LaserWriter does have a mode of operation, called the
Diablo 630 (daisywheel) emulation mode, that is easier for
handling text files, but it is limited to printing out 12 point
type. Fancier material has to use the LaserWriter's "1200" or
"9600" modes, via PostScript code.

To provide the proper handshaking ("DC1/DC3") for files
longer than the LaserWriter's input buffer (about 4500 bytes),
the //e going to the Laserwriter must have a Super Serial Card
(or a custom printer driver patch). Working in Apple Writer
with embedded codes and WPL means what you see isn't any-
thing near to what you're going to get. Lancaster recommends
using the LaserWriter itself, rather than a screen, as your
formatting display. It doesn't take long to run out a page to
edit, make changes, and run it again to check it, he suggests.

The ability to use glossaries in Apple Writer should be a
big help in keyboarding the embedded codes as well as many
of the commands in PostScript. The Synergistic utilities
include glossaries already made up for immediate installation,
both for the Diablo mode and for PostScript.

What can be done with PostScript, by those who will
learn it, can be truly amazing, as anyone will agree who has
seen Adobe's LaserWriter samples (using Adobe-supplied code
and as run and indeed modified by Bernie Urban) and Adobe's
stunningly handsome newsletter, Colophon. The address for

Washington Apple Pi

requesting Colophon, or for information on the additional
typefaces Adobe is readying for sale through Apple Dealers, is
Adobe Systems, 1820 Embarcardero Road S-120, Palo Alto,
Calif. 94303.

At the DeskPubSIG early March meeting, our fearless
leader Jay Condren, in a burst of enthusiasm, described Post-
Script as an "easy language to learn, almost just like everyday
language." Here's an easy example: This short program from
Adobe's "PostScript Language Tutorial and Cookbook" draws
a circle on the page and a series of overlapping elipses, each
one a little more squashed down than the one above.

/doACircle
( 0 0 54 0 360 arc stroke) def

/doAnEllipse
(1.75 scale
doACircle

stroke) def

300 500 translate doACircle

4 (0-72 translate
doAnEllipse) repeat

showpage

Two procedures are defined
first; doACircle, which draws a
circle 54 units (points) in radius
with its center at the origin
(coordinates x=O y=0), and
doAnElipse, which draws an
ellipse by scaling the y-
dimension to three-quarters the x
and then drawing a circle. The
actual program starts with the
line "300 500 translate”. The pro- Ellipses
cedures are called and executed the required number of times.
"Showpage" tells the printer to print.

PostScript uses stack architecture; it's understood that the
values for the "arc" command, which come first within the
curly braces in the first definition, are, respectively, x posi-
tion, y position, radius, starting angle of the arc (on the x
axis), and the ending angle. These values, unless modified by
the "scale" operator, are 1/72 inch each, very close to the
points used in printing. The values go into the stack (first in,
last out), and the stack can get a bit complicated sometimes.
So do the programs, depending, of course, on what you want
to do. Speech ordinary like seem doesn't it somehow. G5

April 1986 45

Best of Apple BBS contd. from pg 43

RONALD WARTOW ON 02/25

I could never understand the chauvinism personally, but what
about people like me who have //e's (or any //) and a Mac.
Are we left out of this titillating subject. What to do? What
to do? Before we Apple'ers get carried away, I was told by a
dealer that ATARI is about to come out with its color "Mac
+" for about $1000 with the ability to run Mac software.
Second drive will cost under $200 (double-sided of course to
go along with double-sided internal drive with 1 meg. of
RAM). Returning to the Mac v. // debate, the only word
processor I've ever used is MacWrite, but the best gaming
machine in the world is the //. How can I lose??

EDMON J. DONNELLAN ON 02/26
I don't think you are being fair. The Mac is very nice, has cute

little icons and folders and stuff all over it, and has this little -

metal mouse you can roll around and click and double-click
and everything. It's only that Apple's obsession with becom-
ing Big Businessmen by marketing the Mac seems to have led
them to purposely retard the Apple //'s natural growth, which
I suppose is stupid to get personal about, but it is very
annoying.

EUCLID COUKOUMA ON 02/26

The Apple ][ is a more flexible machine than the Mac because
it is modular. That nice wedge shape makes it work even
better as a wheel chock. If you need to prop up a corner of
your car the various pieces give you many more options SO
you can select your height. But I really think you should use
your IBM since it has a stronger case, especialy if you remove
the drives and fill it with concrete! Actually each machine
has its merits and problems. The most important factor is
what you can do with it that you want or need to do. This is
dependent not only on the hardware and possible add-ons but
also the software. My wife bought an Apple //e because the
software she runs was only available for the Apple // series. I
love it but bought a Heath H-150 because my client wanted
programs for the IBM PC/XT. And our next machine may be
a Mac because it may soon have Turbo Pascal available for it.
That would make it easier to transport programs that I have
written to a second machine. It is hard to write programs that
require large amounts of memory for the //'s ...

PHILIP NICOZISIS ON 02/26 TO EDMON J DONNELLAN
I really disagree with what you are saying. First, the mouse
is not metal, it is plastic. Apple would have been out of
business by now if would not have looked toward third genera-
tion computers. The Apple // has long since been outmoded
and is merely a dinosour kept alive by its proliferation of
software, but even that has subsided.

ROTE

MIKE UNGERMAN ON 02/06 TO TOM VIER

.... If a manufacturer chooses to have protection, he should do
so in a way that allows a user to have easily obtainable
backups (i.e., not to have to mail off for them) which will run
easily on his system but have some incentive for preventing
casual exchange (like the Broderbund/Blue examples). And
finally, I agreee about the hard disk, I would like to have all
my software runable from a hard disk. The Catalyst system
allows this for a number of programs. I think I would be
willing to pay a premium for unlocked software if I wanted to
be able to modify the programs. I have seen several programs
advertised at a higher price for unprotected, source code
versions. For the average user this would not be necessary,

contd. on pg 27

46 April 1986

How to Assemble
a Panel for your
Comic Strip

1. Copy and Move a stock
background into place on your
pege template.

3. Select from a large
Collection of “faces”,

then copy and move into
place.

4. Add detail and
balloons

5. Type dialogue

Washington Apple Pt

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This paqe prepared by Paul E. Funk

Washington Apple Pi April 1986 47

The mailman has been a Larry Moss, Product
Marketing Manager for Haba/Arrays, took exception to my
answer in the February Journal about the Haba 800K external
disk drive. The technical differences between Haba's and
Apple's offerings have been discussed in the past two
columns. But he points out that the Haba drive works on all
Macs without modification or the need for a special boot disk.
They can also provide a patch to the HFS Boot disk (used on
the 512K Mac for the Apple 800K disk drive) to allow 512K
owners to use the new file systern. If you have concerns or
questions about Haba products, you can call Mr. Moss at
(818) 901-8828,

Also in February, I wrote about how to change the date
stamp that the Mac gives new files - the "creation date". I
was concerned that some readers might think it fun to postdate
documents, play tricks, and otherwise "fudge data". (After all,
wouldn't most of us instinctively accept those dates as
gospel?) Without giving the matter much thought, 1 prefaced
the answer with "I assume the questioner has honest
intentions.” Well, the questioner was John Voglewede, and
there is absolutely no question that he had honest intentions.
His purpose was to correct obviously wrong dates on SigMac
disks. And because it is not an uncommon problem, 1
thought that the answer might be useful for others, too. I'm
sorry for the misunderstandings that this remark caused.

Finally, the mails brought a letter from a Philadelphia
WAP member last November. At the time, I was unable to
provide a hopeful answer, but the pieces are finally starting to
come together.

Q: I am a visually handicapped WAP member and
make extensive use of my Macintosh to help
me accomplish many writing and reading
tasks that would be very difficult were I not
able to use large font sizes and a screen
magnifier, However, 1 still have great diffi-
culty seeing the small size print of the menus
and icon name labels. It occured to me that I
might be able to change the font size used by
these items by using the Resource Editor.
Perhaps you could just substitute the large
fonts for the small ones. Unfortunately, I
have not been sucessful at doing this, as the
Resource Editor is extremely difficult, actual-
ly impossible, to use. My hope is that some
kind WAP volunteer will be able to help me
out.

Your instinct is correct, the Resource Editor can be used
to help you out. But it requires the newer versions of the
Resource Editor and the Finder that were not available
when you first wrote. I have no first hand experience
with these things yet, and so I hope that the readers of
this column who have spent some time exploring them
will call me with details. Perhaps Jay Thal and the

DisabledSIG can provide further information.

April 1986

It would be unwise to substitute large fonts for such
smaller ones as the Chicago 12 used for menus and
dialogs. Too much software would fail. But there are
other ways to accomplish the same thing.

Finder 5.0 (and greater) uses a new resource to
determine a lot of its behavior. It's the LAYO (layout)
resource, and it determines such things as the spacing of
icons on the desktop, and the font and size of the names
beneath them. The new Resource Editor knows the
format of LAYO, and aids you in modifying it to
personalize your Finder. This solves the icon problem.

Menus are another matter. I don't know of any way
to alter the size of the menu bar, but the menus
themselves are much easier to change. Andy Hertzfeld
suggests that someone could reprogram the MENU 0
resource (found in the System File), as it determines the
characteristics of the standard menus, including the size
of the font used to draw them. Of course, with larger
type, you would have to allow for scrolling menus, as
implemented on the Mac+ (and older Macs using System
File version 3.0). (The original MDEF 0 source code
was distributed in the Software Supplement. I don't have
it. Would someone out there please MacNosy the new
MDEF 0, compare it with the old one, and adjust the
Font size to, say, 24 point? Also, would you repeat the
menu title in large print after the menu is selected?
Thanks!) With the new ROMs, Andy says it is easier
than that. There are locations in low memory that you
can change to alter the menu font and size. An
application to do that, called FontSizer, is said to exist,
although I haven't found it yet.

Andy also has contributed to this area by writing a
small program to toggle the size of the cursor to twice
its normal size. This should appear soon on a SIGMac
disk,

For the future, Jan Eugenides, (617) 897-7749, has
written a special word processor with the partially sighted
in mind. Everything is large, and the program will speak
the text using the Macintalk phonics package. Further,
MacWorld magazine is preparing a special article on Mac
use by the disabled, which should provide many useful
ideas and leads.

What is MIDI, and how to I get details on it?

MIDI stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface.
It's a standardized way for computers and synthesizers to
communicate. Several MIDI programs for the Mac exist;
see the December MacUser and October MacTutor
magazines for examples. It's also an increasingly popu-
lar subject for books on the Computer shelf at many
bookstores. For detailed specifications, write to the
International MIDI Association, 11857 Hartsook Street,
North Hollywood, CA 91607, (818) 505-8964.

contd.

Washington Apple Pi

P.O

Washington Apple Pi

Where can I get a sound digitizer for the Mac?

If you are an electronic hobbiest, you might consider the
Berkeley Macintosh Users Group (BMUG) Mac Recorder
II. For $50, they will send you everything you need to
build and use one, except for the solder and iron.
BMUG, 1442A Walnut Street #62, Berkeley, CA 94709.
I haven't seen one yet, but it sounds like a good deal.

What's new with Red Ryder?

Version 8.0 is out. However, only paid-up users can get
it until April. Scott now runs his support BBS on the
GEnie network (based in Rockville), instead of from his
home in St. Louis. Details should have arrived in the
mail. Further, paid-up users will be given access to Red
Ryder Host, Scott's new BBS program, which will not
be released to the general public. Special attention was
paid in the new version to file transfer. Kermit and
MacBinary are now combined, and the Kermit itself is
much expanded, XModem bugs were fixed, and the ACK-
ahead (Fast-Track, Turbo) variant is offered as an option.
For CompuServe subscribers, CIS-B protocol and Vidtex
graphics are provided. It is possible that a later version
of Red Ryder will be the current one by the time this
column is printed, as 8.0 is said to fail on the
MacBottom hard disk.

: Is Apple selling a SCSI HD-20?

No, although there are recurring rumors to the contrary.
(They could, some day.) One source of confusion is the
MDideas SCSI hard disk, which they are also calling the
HD-20. Further, some people (myself included) used to
abbreviate HyperDrive as HD, only adding to the muddle.

Will HFS work on an XLisa?
No, at least not yet.

How can I port dBase III files from a PC to a
Mac?

Save the files in DIF or text format. Link the modem
connectors of the two machines using a "null modem"
cable, and run communications programs on each. The
file can then be sent over the cable with XModem or
alternate file transfer protocols. Once on the Mac, DIF
files can be used by OverVUE and other database pro-
grams. Most databases should be able to read text.
Finally, keep an eye out for DMac HI, which is meant to
be an equivalent database product.

Can the Tecmar hard disk use the HFS file
system?
Check with Tecmar for their latest recommendations.
But Jim Lanford and Mike Cohen suggest the following.
Start with a disposable copy of the Mac+ System Tools
disk, if you have a Mac+, or the 512K Mac (January 16)
System Update disk. Also start with the Tecmar 2.2
driver software, which you will merge onto the new
Apple disks.

Rename the special Tecmar ImageWriter file to, say,
TecmarWriter, and copy it to the Apple disk. You
should select this "Printer" to use the Tecmar print

April 1986

spooling. Then, using ResEdit, copy the following
resources from the Tecmar System file to the Apple
System file: DRVR ".Tdisk" (ID=20), all FIXX
resources, ICN# 555, INIT 31, and STR 555. Boot the
machine with the disk you just constructed. After you
are fully satisfied that the Tecmar is well backed up,
using the new Finder, you can reformat the Tecmar for
HFS by choosing "Erase Disk" from the menu.

What are the latest versions of the Apple sys-
tem software?

Finder 5.2, System 3.1, ImageWriter 2.2, and Laser-
Writer 3.0. They are found at your Apple dealer on the
LaserWriter+ update disk, dated February 12. This
should only be of real concern to those with Mac+'s, or
$12K Macs in need of HFS (such as for a hard disk or an
800K floppy drive). Otherwise my advice remains, if it
isn't broken, don't fix it, and if you change any of them,
change them all together.

In the Sept 85 Dr. Dobbs Journal, there was a
hardware hobbiest article on how to add a
SCSI port to the Mac. Is this similar to
what Apple did?

No. It is not the same thing as the Mac+ SCSI port.
Third parties inspired by that article may also offer SCSI
hardware "upgrade" products for your Mac. But unless
they advertise functional equivalence and software com-
patibility with the Mac+ port, beware of how useful they
might turn out to be. (The Warp Nine internal hard disk
is an implementation of the Dr. Dobbs idea. It can not
boot from the new ROMs as other SCSI disks can.)

Drool! What kind of megabit chips would
turn my 1 Meg Mac+ into a 4 Meg Mac++?

The 256Kbyte SIMs are labeled NEC MC-41256A8B-15.
If you have a parts catalog, they would be the equivalent
memory in the 1 Mbyte size. (See last months Q&A for
more thoughts on 4 Meg Macs.)

When will larger screen Macs be out?

Jean-Louis Gassée, Director of Product Planning at
Apple, says "nothing in 1986". And although he
couldn't confirm it, he left the impression that the "next
Mac” will have an industry standard VME bus. (That's
good news.)

When will dealers get the Mac+ upgrade kits?

The ROM/800K internal disk option is now shipping.
The 1 Meg/SCSI motherboard option will come later,
due to the strong sales of the Mac+.

What software fails on the Mac+?

Software will tend to fail for three main reasons. (1) HFS
problems, which can usually be avoided by not using
folders or by using 400K (single sided) disks, (2) Bugs in
the new ROM, which isn't the usual reason, and (3)
Programs that were not written "by the book" in the first
place. I don't have confirmation of these, and I only
repeat stories from the grapevine, but the following are

said to fail: Red Ryder 7.0 (pay up, and get 8.0), single
voice sound and some other features in MS Basic 2.1
(use multivoice sound instead), My Disk Labler (bombs
with ID=02) (version 2.0 will fix, and will be out RSN),
Mac Vegas, Mac Labler, & Harrier Strike Mission (don't
boot), Click-on Worksheet (won't calculate), and Copy II
Mac (new version is said to be coming out in April).
Again, this is a randomly obtained list, neither complete
nor necessarily accurate.

How do I connect the Mac+ to other things?

Cables for the Mac+ serial ports are a bane for everyone.
Updating the information from the March Q&A, you can
also get the mini-DIN-8 connectors, part number MDX-8-
2, for $1.05 each from DRA Electronics, 800- 423-5336.
(A minimum order applies.) Also, Harbor Electronics,
mentioned in March, can be reached at 800-243-4794.
I've heard good things about their service.

Adaptation Electronics, 948-7440, is a local firm that
intends to better the out-of-towners. They are also work-
ing on an adapter box to provide +5 and +12 volt power,
no longer provided by the Mac+, to the peripherals that
need it.

Apple dealers do sell cables to connect the Mac+ to
other things, but some don't know it. To connect the
Mac+ to a Hayes Smartmodem, or equivalent, order
product number A9C0313, part number 590-0335-A.
(The wiring, DIN-8 pin -> DB-25 pin, is: 1->20; 2->6,8;
3->2; 4->7; 5->3; 6 N/C; 7 N/C; 8->7; and shell->1.)
To connect a Mac+ to an ImageWriter I, use the cable
product A2C0311, part number 590-0331-B. (The
wiring, DIN-8 to DB-25, is: 1->6,8; 2->20; 3->3; 4->7;
5->2; 6 N/C; 7 N/C; 8->7; shell->1.) To connect a
Mac+ to a LaserWriter, in those cases where there are no
other devices on the AppleTalk bus, you can use the
512K Mac to ImageWriter II cable as a direct connection.
(Sorry, I don't have the number.) You do not need the
AppleTalk isolation boxes. Better, if you can build one
yourself, wire it as (DIN-8 -> DE-9): 1->7, 2->6, 3->9,
4->3, 5-55, 6->8, 7 N/C, 8-24. This is the "balanced"
way to wire it.

Note: for those of you trying to figure out the Mac+
pinouts on page 64 of the March Journal, Apple reverses
the usual meaning of "+" and "-" on the RS-422 signals.

Is a new keyboard required as part of the Mac-
intosh upgrade packages?
No.

Will the new keyboard work on a 512K Mac?

We don't know of any reason why it shouldn't, although
the Enter key acts as the keypad Enter, which is different
than the keyboard Enter on the old keyboard.

Help! My copy of the Universe II
doesn't work!

Call Tom Carbone at (203) 658-6917 and tell him your
woes. It seems that a bad batch of disks may have gotten
out. By the way, this game is said to take great liberties
with the Mac interface standard.

game

April 1986

Can I use an Image Writer printer on a PC?

Yes. Mark Herbert recommends the following cable con-
nections (IBM Serial -> ImageWriter) 1->1; 7->7; 2->3,
3->2; 20->6,8; 6,8->4; 4->5; 5->20. (The last four runs
sound funny to me, though.) Mario Vano suggests that
you tell the IBM software that you're using a C. Itoh
8510 printer. Using the DOS "Mode" command, set the
baud rate to 9600, and use the ",P" option.

When I choose "Open..", some programs
have large dialog boxes that show a lot of the
file name, and some are small, showing little.
Why? I'd like them all to be large.

Those dialogs are controlled by the SFGetFile dialog
templates that are stored as resources. There is a default
dialog box in the System file, DLOG -4000, and
application programmers are free to create their own
variants. If you want to experiment, you can use the
Resource Editor to modify the shapes and sizes of these
templates. I can't go into details here, but I refer you to
Chapters 13 and 20 in Volume I of the published Inside
Macintosh.

Is it true that you can recondition Image-
Writer ribbons with WD-40?

I've heard so, though I haven't tried it. I can imagine
how paper would smell with WD-40 in the ink! The
things to definitely avoid are old fraying ribbons (the
fibers get into the print head), and chemicals that don't
both dissolve the unused ink and lubricate the pins in the
print head. WD-40 and LPS-1 should be equivalent.
You can also get a ribbon reinker from Bede/Tech, and
Robins Office Supply sells new ribbons that you can
somehow get into the old case.

Do any of the copy utilities work to get copy
protected programs onto 800K disks?

Copy protection is really a losing battle for all | con-
cerned, and you should give extra weight when you
choose products to those that aren't copy protected. That
said, Hard Disk Utility will patch programs to remove
their copy protection checks. Then, you can put them on
any kind of disk you want. (And hopefully, on only one
computer.) Of course, as programs are revised, you have
to keep updating the utility.

Where is Microsoft now?

Microsoft has moved. The new address is 16011 NE
36th Way, Redmond, WA 98052. The new telephone
numbers are deceptively similar to the old ones. Product
support is at (206) 882-8089, and the main number is
(206) 882-8080.

Would you elaborate on last month's answer
about reinitializing the Apple HD-20? If the
disk is corrupted, how do you get past the
Finder to run the test program?
While I haven't tried it, I would suggest the following.
With the HD-20 disconnected for a moment, build a
floppy disk with the HD-20 test program set as the
contd. on pg 53

Washington Apple Pi

= DISCOUNTS

MACINTOSH CORNER : GULDA

e SS/DD DISKS, BOX OF 10 ... 19.00
e SS/DD DISKS, CASE OF 50 . $89.50
e 10 DISK STORAGE BOX ...... 2.50
e 36 DISK STORAGE BOX ...... 9.00
e COPY Il MAC ............. $29.00

51⁄4 INCH DISKETTES & STORAGE

e SS/DD, BOX OF 10 ......... $7.00
e SS/DD, PAK OF 50......... $31.00
e SS/DD, CASE OF 100 ...... $59.00
e SS/DD, CARTON OF 500... $245.00

€ 2-NOTCH/DS/DD, 8OX OF 10 . $8.00
e 2-NOTCH/DS/DD, PAK OF 25. $18.50
e 2-NOTCHDSODD. CASE OF 100 . $69.00
€ 10 DISKETTE CASES .. $2.25 EACH

5 for $10.00
(SPECIFY COLOR CHOICES: BEIGE, BLACK, BLUE, GREEN,
GREY, RED, YELLOW; COMPACT CASES: CLEAR, SMOKE, AQUA)

*70 DISK CASE ............ $11.00
e 70-DISKETTE LOCKING

ROLLTOP CABINET ........ $16.00
PRINTERS
e PANASONIC P1091 ....... $259.00
e PANASONIC P1092 ....... $339.00
e CITIZEN 120D............ $199.00
€ CITIZEN MSP-10, 160 CPS . $259.00
e CITIZEN MSP-15, WIDE .... $379.00
e CITIZEN MSP-20, 200 CPS . $349.00
e SILVER REED 500, LO .... $209.00
e STARWRITER A10-30 ..... $339.00
e OKIMATE 20 COLOR ...... $209.00
PRINTER ACCESSORIES
e 2500 SHEETS OF PAPER ... $31.00
e STANDARD PARALLEL

INTERFACE .............. $49.00
e GRAPHICS PARALLEL

INTERFACE CARD......... $59.00

e FINGERPRINT PUSH-BUTTON

GRAPHICS CARD ........ $109.00
e MICRO BUFFER IN LINE .... $79.00 ©
e PRINTER STAND .......... $14.00
e SWITCH BOX 3 PARALLEL

OR 3 SERIAL PORTS ...... $49.00
e FORMS CATCHER BASKET .. $17.00
DISK DRIVES
O DISTAR ................. $109.00
e CONTROLLER ............ $49.00
MONITORS
e 12-INCH US! AMBER ....... $89.00
e AVT AMERICA, 22 Mhz .... $149.00
e COMPOSITE COLOR ...... $189.00 ©
e RGB COLOR ............. $299.00
MODEMS
e CENTAURI 300 INT. ....... $125.00
e SMARTEAM 1200 EXT. .... $189.00 ~
e US ROBOTICS 1200 EXT. .. $219.00
e PROMETHEUS 1200A INT. . $259.00
e US ROBOTICS 2400 ...... $419.00

Washington Apple Pi

APPLE

GRAPHICS DEVICES
e POWER PAD &

STARTER KIT ............ $125.00
CHIPS
e EPROMS 2716/2732/2764 .... $4.00
e EPROMS 27128/27256 ....... $7.00
e64K, SETOF8 ............. $9.60
@256K,SETOF8........... $30.00
GENERAL ITEMS
e SURGE PROTECTOR ..... $7.00
e SURGE PROTECTOR,

3 OUTLET .............. $11.00
e 6-OUTLET WITH

SURGE PROTECT ......... $25.00
e CABLE GENDER

CHANGER................. $9.00
COMPATIBLE COMPUTERS
e LASER 3000, 80 COL., 1 DA.. $375.00
e VF PC, APPLE 4 IBM

COMPATIBLE ........... $1190.00
GAME 1/0 DEVICES
e CH PADDLE STICKS ....... $33.00
e CH MACH II JOYSTICK ..... $33.00
e CH MACH Ill JOYSTICK .... $39.00
e 1/0 PORT EXPANDER ...... $25.00
e 9-16 OR 16-9 ADAPTER ..... $9.00
SLOT EXPANSION
e 16K RAM CARD (FOR II+) .. $49.00
e 64K RAM CARD (FOR I+) . $159.00
e 64K MEMORY............ $119.00
e 320K MEMORY ........... $153.00
e 512K MEMORY ........... $187.00
e 1 MEG MEMORY ......... $292.00
e80 COL CARD............. $49.00
e 80/160 COL. CARD ....... $189.00
e SERIAL CARD ............ $39.00 ©
e MODEM CARD ............ $39.00
e SUPER SERIAL INT. CARD .. $69.00
eSERRALL L... $99.00
e CLOCK CARD............. $95.00
eSLOT3CLOCK .......... $109.00 ©
e 2-80 BOARD .............. $39.00
e TITAN ACCELERATOR lle .. $249.00
e APPLICARD FAST-Z-80 .... $129.00
e APPLICARD PLUS

WORDSTAR ............. $199.00
e WILDCARD li COPY CD ... $109.00
e MULTIPLE-SLOT CHASSIS . $149.00
e SINGLE-SLOT EXTENDER .. $29.00
e QUICK-LOADER PROM BD . $149.00
e PROM BURNER .......... $119.00

8231 WOODMONT Á

April 1986

SPECIAL PERIPHERALS

e COOLING FAN WITH
SURGE PROTECT

e 58 W. POWER SUPPLY ..... $59.00
e SHIFT KEY MOD KIT ........ $8.00
e SCREEN SWITCHER/

DRIVE STEPPER .......... $74.00
e RF MODULATOR .......... $19.00
APPLE SOFTWARE
e.PINPOINT «iie e $55.00
e COPY IE Y ica $29.00
e ESSENTIAL DATA

DUPLICATOR ............. $59.00
e INCOME TAX PREPARER .. $175.00

e PLUSWORKS (RUNS APPLEWORKS

ON IP Peas ui oia bacs $19.00
e “WRITE CHOICE"

WORD PROCESSOR ....... $39.00
e WORDSTAR 33 ........... $99.00
e PRINT SHOP .............

SPECIALS!!

PARALLEL INLINE BUFFER
32K - 128K:

79.00!!

COMPOSITE COLOR
MONITOR:

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PLEASE NOTE!
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eal
pu

[]E——

Apparently there are quite à few MacNovices who want to
know how to prepare instruction sheets or Journal articles on
the Mac, but who have had some trouble making "screen
pictures" for their illustrations. I've had enough calls about
this unusual Mac feature... even though its really not
something most MacNovices really would want to do.

One good use for this “screen snapshot” feature, for
example, would be in creating a custom-made "help" tip-sheet
for colleagues in your office, or even for your family, to help
them learn the ropes, or to help them learn some specific
routine you use often. Needless to say, “screen pictures” is a
feature I use regularly to illustrate this MacNovice Column in
the Journal.

What I'm talking about is something computer buffs
working with older-generation computers call "screen dumps."
They amount to an instruction telling your computer to
replicate (on your printer or on a disk) an exact copy of every-
thing which appears on your computer screen at any moment.

Suppose, for instance, you want to illustrate for another
Mac user how to use the "trash can" on the Macintosh desk
top. You could try to describe it in text. But a faster, easier,
more Mac-like way of illustrating it is to do it with pictures
or icons. You might include a picture like this:

4 e Ml ri y E e D W. EE Embed: i 4
Lm Y TO ka tea En 4
ki SEEN SE ae mg i5 ur

i, e sanm ob d
ALIE ^ SEES non
mua 1 - Throw Away Document by moving 1 dni a
EI] it to Trash Can paMachaint achat ia
svg 2 - Open Trans Can to inventory its mo date Ms RAM ae i
de] contents EU REESE ERAS
iH M EE a EM A . ae i "i
E deu ES
RESAN SEN e: ( d
OUEST apena] Artioles Archive 2 Via
PEDI taka? Bae ia AS
i4 ————Á ra [OUS PORE ed

MO RN
à pue UU
i í ES ya ata SOR
edes fu
| : > Op
E 4
4 i y T TE
TÉ . a a
e Switcher Ficture 5 RENE
Ra ra tea
ib a A fe AA ye 1 q
reo buen ome y DON EUA
MISA NARA & ls RES 7 ARTE F rth "bl ie d A $94 META He sare
B RE S as En

Of course, since the Macintosh itself uses its own "Mac-
Paint" tools to draw the desktop. you could open MacPaint
and "draw" a desktop just like the Mac's. It wouldn't be too
hard, since you've probably become familiar enough with it
by now to draw it from memory.

But, the Macintosh comes with a handy feature to save
you all the trouble of drawing what appears on its screen. It's
documented on page 72 of your Macintosh manual under the
heading "To Create a MacPaint Document With the
Current Contents of the Screen", (Its more easily
recognizable in the Index to the manual, where it's listed under

A
t3

[3| MacNovice Column

by Ralph J. Begleiter

April 1986

Making Screen Pictures

"Snapshot, creating”. a ;
The instructions for creating a MacPaint snapshot" of
your screen, anytime, are simple:

As the Macintosh manual instructs, you can make as
many as 10 "snapshots" in one Mac session. When you
return to the "Finder" you'll see them as MacPaint documents
(complete with the MacPaint document icon) each titled
sequentially as "Screen 0,” "Screen 1," Screen 2," and so on.

E=====2
149K available

"Screens"

[E "Snapshots" Appear as
11 items 252K in disk

n A
XA po

MacNovice Fmt Masthead “Customize” Your Snapshots!

7 Soreen O Sereen 1 Screen 2 Screen3 § Using the Trash Can

When you make a "screen picture" or "snapshot," there's
really no indication that you were successful, except that you
might hear the disk spinning in the disk drive after you've
typed COMMAND-SHIFT-3 to create the "snapshot."

If, on the other hand, you are unsuccessful at making a
"snapshot," Mac will inform you by "beeping" once. There
are two reasons why a "snapshot" might not be successful:

e There's already a document named "Screen 0" on the disk
you're working with. If this is the case, go to the "Finder"
and give the document a different name, That will free the
"snapshot" feature again to create a new "Screen 0."

e The disk you're working on is so full that there's no
space for another MacPaint document. I've found this to be
the most common reason for "snapshot" failures. Remember
that MacPaint documents are "fat". They take up a lot of
space on your disks.

Which reminds me. It's not important that you know how
the "screen picture” feature works. But you should know that

| i ictures" he di j

You cannot tell the Mac to place the new "snapshot" on a
different disk. Which means you've got at least one
"application" (such as MacWrite or the Finder) on the disk.
You've got a "System File" on the disk. You probably have
some documents on the disk. And you may have some other
miscellaneous files on the disk (such as Imagewriter, Clip-
board, Scrapbook). Your disk is already pretty full before you
start making "snapshots." You may only have space for a few
“snapshots” before you get a "beep" indicating an unsuccessful
one. Don't worry. You haven't made a mistake. You've just
contd.

Washington Apple Pi

got a full disk,

The solution? Go to the Finder and throw something
away if you need to, to make room for more "screen pictures".
I often trash my "Imagewriter” file temporarily while creating
“screen pictures" for this column. That frees about 25K from
the disk. When you get a "beep" after making a couple of
successful "snapshots," go to the Finder, rename them approp-
rately, and i l igi

Incidentally, once you've renamed and moved your "screen
pictures," the next one you make will automatically get the
name "Screen 0" again, so don't be confused.

For purposes of making instruction sheets, the "snapshot"
feature has a tremendous additional benefit: Once you've
created a "screen picture" ify i li
by using MacPaint! That is, the "Screen 0” (etc.) documents
may be “opened” from MacPaint just like any MacPaint
picture. Once you've opened a "snapshot" you may use all of
MacPaint's tools to change it. Fancy it. Add arrows. Add
legends. Add instructions. Remove "extraneous" material
which doesn't contribute to your story, etc. Customize your
"screen pictures” using MacPaint:

é Fite Edit Goodies Font FontSize Style

CAE ‘Keer "Customize" Your Snapshots E
a. hentia eaten è ba A FA bo al
gou 2d ty uu '
' : Ji E Li l
vo. alae MAL UA "us
Articios Archive 2 HH

MIRA Kon EAS
Toi

ti
if
T

Masthead

PED

Goreen O Sorem 1 Soren 2 Serenm3 Ustng Ove Trash Can or
LN

O M - aeaf
¿CU OOH

Eu CDS
€ A A Us O Se BAN ati
MEET ZZ irr aL ASSETS

You can open and make changes to any of your screen
pictures from MacPaint. You can even cut and paste them
from MacPaint into other applications, such as MacWrite (for
an instruction manual) or a database (for future reference)!

One more sidebar to this "snapshot" theme. In the pre-
Macintosh days, a "screen dump" was really a printout of the
screen onto paper. It's possible to do that with your Mac,
too. Instead of COMMAND-SHIFT-3... use CAPS LOCK-
COMMAND-SHIFT-4. This will duplicate your entire
Macintosh screen onto paper through your printer
automatically. And, if you don't want the entire screen to be
duplicated... just the "active window" (such as a disk contents
window or a spreadsheet document window), simply use
COMMAND-SHIFT-4. These features are documented on
page 73 of your Macintosh manual.

Note that in all cases ("snapshot," "screen-dump-to-paper,"
and "active window" snapshot) the j
i i (if you're
holding it down to display a menu on the screen).

Creating "screen pictures" is a little-noticed feature of your
Macintosh which can make development of simple, user-
friendly Macintosh instructions easy and fun. Try it. You'll
like it! @

Washington Apple Pi

Mac Q & A contd. from pg SU

Startup application. Turn the Mac off, reconnect the HD-
20, spin up the HD-20, and then tum the Mac on with
the floppy already inserted in the internal drive.

Q: What's the experience been with Northeastern
Software?

A: Of those at the meeting stating an opinion, most had
highly negative comments. MacConnection and Tele-
Soft have fine reputations, however. Note also, if a mail-
order firm charges your credit card for goods not delivered,
you have the right to tell the credit card company that
you refuse the bill.

Quickies: More Mac programs will run on the XLisa
than are checked in the MacConnection advertisements ... if
you have a Levco Monster Mac, if you press the interrupt
button during the power-on "bong", it will revert to a 512K
Mac ... Rod Paine warns you against using Compucable
Corporation cables. Because of a construction defect, found
on both of his cables, an unprotected, exposed, loose wire
connected to the Mac's +5 Volt power supply short circuited
to the cable shield (ground). This is nothing a scissors and
electrical tape can't fix (under the DB-25 shell), but it
demonstrates poor workmanship ... The Mock package of
DAs is now at version 4.2a ... a new feature is that you can
enclose hex codes within « » characters (Option-\ and Option-
Shift-\) ... Remove the Assimilation MIDI port attachment
when it's not in use, as it is reported to freeze the mouse at
times ... Smartcom II version 2.2A is now out, and fully
supports HFS ... To free up wasted space on a HyperDrive,
periodically copy drawers to floppies, delete, and recreate them
... Jim Bede (of Bede/Tech) strongly advises that you don't
block the front air vent of the Mac, keep the keyboard away
from the main unit, as that opening is very important for the
cooling airflow .. PCPC, the MacBottom people, have
announced a file backup program that can be used with any
HFS hard disk ... Thanks again to the folks on MAUG™ for
much of the information used in this column. G

-r

ATTENTION STAMP COLLECTORS

According to an article in the February 10 issue of Linn's
Stamp News, Clifford Morrison, a computer science student at
the University of Utah, has written a stamp inventory pro-
gram for the Macintosh. The program, which requires a 512
Mac and Macintosh Pascal, allows the listing of multiple files
of up to 500 stamps each. The listing includes stamp infor-
mation such as mint or used, gum condition, damage notes,
cancellation notes, special arrangement (block, sheet, coil,
etc.), perforation condition, luminescence, cost and catalog
value.

Copies of the program are available from Mr. Morrison if
a disk, disk mailer and return postage are sent. A donation to
defray his expenses would also be appreciated. The address for
the program or additional information (for which a stamped
addressed envelope is requested) is: Clifford Morrison, F. Box,
3939 S. Wasatch Blvd., Salt Lake City, UT 84124.

April 1986 53

This month you will find a review of Cricket Graph, a
just-on-the-market graphics package, which has had the
opportunity to learn from the competition, and of Omnis3 a
relational, programmable data base package with extensive
power.

Cricket Graph. (Jim Rafferty & Rich Norling) It could be
that knowing Rich & Jim, I am biased about their design and
programming skills. After all, I had the chance to work with
them during the development of the Statworks package and as
a beta tester of CG. However, 1 think the examples of their
just-released graphics program will demonstrate to you that
my impressions about Cricket Graph's exceptional capabilities
are accurate.

The Competition: Click-on Worksheet, MS Chart, Excel
and Jazz. CG can make all of the graphs provided by any of
these, and several others such as polar plots, and quality
control charts. Its special features include: better LaserWriter
Support (that is, smooth curves instead of little, connected
Straight lines), color on an Imagewriter II, page layout
arranging, and support for most commercial plotters. The
competing packages have limits to the number of horizontal
points. I haven't found the limit in CG yet, if there is one.
The two versions of a normal curve that you see below were
printed on the LaserWriter, the first with Excel and the second
with Cricket Graph. I think you can see the difference.

0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4

0.3
0.2 1.20

0.1 A
1.00

0 HAHAHA AHHH

Printed with Excel

. In the menu below, you see the twelve
graph types supplied by CG. The scatter plot is easy to
obtain, just click on the two variable names listed in the
dialog box, one for the horizontal axis, one for the vertical
axis. The polar and quality control charts may be unknown to
some readers, but of great value to others. One thing to note
appears in the lower right hand corner of the menu. CG
provides you with a plain, unblemished screen called Text and
several tools to create a graphic of your own! The tools
include text, square and round boxes and arrows. These
features can be used with any CG graph to enhance its

appearance.

: ud El Graph Menu
A
zar"
m TI i] Tools Menu
ar Column olar

AA
a ou ext

Your data are entered into a scrollable window in which a
column is treated as series. The window works the same as
the one used in Statworks. I prefer Microsofts handling of
data windows over the CG approach. As you backspace in a
cell, after erasing the entry, you are placed in the cell above it.
You may find that you, inadvertently, have begun erasing the
entry in that one, as well! Another weak point of CG's data
entry is that the category labels must always be in the data
window. Frequently, you have a single column of numbers

which form a series and you want to plot
T them. To do this, you must manually enter

1357911315171 2123252729 313335 3/39 4| 4345 4749 51 5355 5759 61 ^ “Olumn to be used as the category values.

e
c
E 0.60
=
o
O
0.40
o
A 6
0.20 Y <. a
Printed with CG > o US fons
=
0.00
4 3 2 1 0 1
Column 1
contd.
54 April 1986 Washington Apple Pi

This may simply be the numbers from 1 to n, the number of
points you have. CG displays the row number. It would be
nice if their "Column 0" could be selected as the category.

Manipulating Your Data. Often you will find the need to
change your data or to plot a transformed version of it. CG
allows for a number of useful options to help. Several
functions are revealed in the menu below.

IRACHE Graph Curve
"merde. |
Recode...

Transform...
Simple Math...

Count Frequency...
Smooth...

The data can be sorted, transformed or recoded using the
same flexibility found in Statworks. Many useful functions
are provided for transforming, including exponentiation and
transcendentals as well as the usual four functions. One
valuable feature allows you to take a large number of points
and produce a count of records containing a smaller number of
unique codes. Say for example you have 200 records each
describing a different individual. If one column contains a text
or numeric entry indicating their religion (below you see C, P
and J for Catholic Protestant and Jewish), you can use Count
Frequency to produce two new columns, containing one row
for each unique code and count of records bearing that code. In
the example below, column two contains the three unique
codes and column 3 contains a count of records having that
code. The computation is not dynamic, that is, it does not
update if the original column is changed.

Untitled Data

toopae.

N—OVDNHUAWNN—

A 0
YUVONOOCCUUOOCTOO

ect kato +54 E AIN CA IIS

AA 9-0 de € e As A
009 OSE 868 9 qund QA DO rob DOC ID

Another transformation offered by CG and few other
graphics packages is smoothing. You can compute moving
averages of varying widths to any variable. After scatter
plotting two variables, you can perform a curve fit using
different functional forms, show below. AS you can see, the
actual function as well as the smoothed line appear overlayed
on the scatter plot. In addition, you can interpolate a line
through the averages for each category.

Washington Apple Pi

Column 2

April 1986

Bia stem Go

Polynomial
Logarithmic

Exponential

interpolate

RPMBYP

Data from "CricketTest"

a Column 2

contd.

0
40 50 60 70 80 90
Column 1

100

Goodies.The goodies menu provides yet more options to
enhance your graphs. In as much as CG supports color, you
need a window to let you set which patterns are what colors.
You can display either X or Y error bars on certain graph
formats. Formatting changes include: use of a legend or
adding depth to the display as you saw earlier, switching the
axes or removing the plot frame. A set of preferences for
these various features can be saved and used to start up the
next chart, saving you the time to repeatedly select the
options you use frequently.

ANANN Formats

Show Tools
Show Colors
H Error Bars
Y Error Bars
Hide Legend
Add Depth 3863
Remove Plot Frame 3$F
Sipifch Bes

nid Üniup Labels

4660082440950 50003290099 0000009 0994044000909 099099909009 9€9099594999029909 44000909000 €12290000009

Record Preferences

contd.

Below is an example bar chart with depth added, a simple
CG option. ;
Data from "Business Data

N
SN

[ES

meet
“AO

Cn ats
a. a
fue. M

a, du.

1983

aa n
eee tan
a

196 1973 1978
Year

Documentation. 1 found the manual to be readable and
easy to use. It contains both a Table of Contents and an
Index. It begins with a tutorial and includes a reference
section by menu. The disk contains two sample data files
which help you to get started.

Summary. Cricket Graph is a very well-done package. It
is not copy-protected and can be loaded onto a hard disk
without difficulty. Other than my comments about the data
window, I found no other weaknesses. It supports the Mac
interface in every way possible. You can easily copy data
from and to it via the clipboard. It works with Switcher and it
produces beautiful output on the LaserWriter. Cricket
Software, 3508 Market St., Suite 206, Philadelphia, PA.
19104. Phone (215) 387-7955. List Price $195.00.

Omnis 3, A good data base package should give you: ease
of file definition and modification; variety in field types;
flexibility of forms creation for data entry and reporting; and
rapid searching and sorting. More powerful characteristics
might add: the complexity of file structures it can handle; its
speed of operation; and the clarity of documentation.
Additional features which Omnis 3 provides include: a
password protection scheme needed for multi-user environment
and programmabiltiy to develop your own applications.
Overall, I rate Omnis 3 quite highly. If I had any reserva-
tions, it would be in documentation and Mac interface.

Unlike competing packages such as Overvue, Omnis 3
does not have to keep an entire data base consisting of many
files and report formats in memory at one time. While this
results in somewhat slower processing, it allows for data
bases limited only by available disk space. Since Omnis 3
can be run on a hard-disk (using a key disk copy-protection
scheme), these limits are quite large. File sizes of more than
16 Megabytes are supposed to be possible; although, my
experience has been confined to files of only several hundred
records,

You solve your data base problem through the use of File,
Entry, Report and Search formats. In the simplest case, you
must have at least one file and one entry format describing the
record content and the way in which data are entered on the
screen. Most likely, the data base will have at least one report
format, perhaps to list all fields on all records. Search formats

can be created to find sub-sets of the records meeting criteria,
such as, all people with a birthday in a given month. Lets

56 April 1986

look at each of these functions in more detail.

One of Omnis 3 most powerful aspects is its ability to
modify the Mac menus and create new sequences of
operations. A data base application can be hand-tailored toa
particular problem and made to display your own messages in
dialog boxes. In this regard, Omnis 3 is a programmable data
base; although, unlike a program like MacLion, there is no
language to learn. The sequence commands are selected from
dialog boxes containing options. u

File Definition. Omnis 3 provides a great deal of flexibil-
ity in the definition of data fields. They may be defined as:
character, national, numeric, boolean, a date or a sequence
number. You can request the number of decimal places to be
used in the display as well as designate a variable to be
indexed for use in ordering and searching.

An important characteristic required of a data base package
is the ability to revise the structure of the record after data
have been entered into the file. You might need to widen a
field (increase a Zip Code from five to nine digits) or you may
need to add new fields at a later date. Omnis 3 provides these
features in an easy to apply method. You need only redefine
the record by changing the screen and then run a utility called
"Reorganize data". In short order, your file will be copied
automatically into a new format containing the changes.

Data Entry. Once data files have been defined, data entry
screens and report formats can be built. Using the Macintosh’
graphics capabilities, Omnis 3 employs a mouse-driven
"screen painting" approach to develop data entry and report
forms. Employing as many as twelve screens per record, you
design screens containing descriptive labels for the fields of
your record. I find this technique direct and easy to use.

To build a multi-screen data entry form, you put the cursor
where you want text to appear, click and type in a screen
header or descriptions of the fields. These "labels" appear
when data are entered. In addition to text, you can place boxes
around fields to make the entry screen more interesting.
Somewhere near a field label, you double-click to tell Omnis
3 where the field contents are to be positioned. A window
opens allowing you to enter the variable's name and display
appearance. This dialog is very Mac-like. Below you see
both an entry definition window and a completed edit screen
with data from the file.

== Database DAVIDTE Screen 1 SS

Today's Date: 1******** h

dft HA A) P PP HU A AA RBRARARAAnA ,
Last Home :2

Firat Nane: 3^ POOR NSAARAAA

Street :4^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
4

Cit ¿GARARADAACARAÑA
e

State :6^ Zips te
Telephone: (8^^) arenas

Cost:10^^^^^^^ | Interest Rate:11***
Total Interest :12^^^

Omnis 3 Field Definition Window
contd.

Washington Apple Pi

See Giè Ga dey uns an GP SID UP GID ab Gan um ue amm Se 2 Sw dn dr m

4A «ki» dap fen um ap any an eS an GID E an an an tib dak anm an an èn m

Today's Date: MAR 17 85

Last Name :flarons
First Hame: Bob

Street: 1234 Anytown
City :Centerville
State :MD 21P: 20874

Telephone: (202) 934-0986

Cost: 25000,00 Interest Rate: 9.25
Total Interest: 2312.

Omnis 3 Completed Edit Screen for One Record

Another handy feature is called Default:check. This is
used to designate two things about each field: the default value
appearing in a field when a record is first displayed for entry,
and a range check on the entry. The default value is used to
fill the field when the data base is first defined. For example,
a status code of "active" may be used to initialize a data base
on employees since they are all likely to be active when they
are first added to the payroll. When an employee becomes
inactive, the entry will be modified accordingly. The use of a
default can save a lot of time during data entry. The range
check function provides an edit to insure proper data are
entered. As an example, entering Default:check as 1:With-
holding<10 would fill the field Withholding with a "1" in all
records but prohibit the entry of a value greater than "9". The
check operation can be more explicit. For example,
(SEX="M')!(SEX=F') checks for the "OR" condition that the
entry for the field SEX be an 'M' or an 'F'.

One aspect of entry formatting which might cause confu-
sion relates to the length of the data field. When the file is
defined, a length is supplied for every field. The entry screen
construction includes a place for designating the length of a
rectangle within which the field will be entered. While the
default length used by the screen layout routine is equal to the
field length provided earlier by the user during record defini-
tion, it is possible to make the entry rectangle longer than the
field length. When someone enters, say, an address (with a
maximum length of 20 characters) into an entry rectangle
which is 25 characters long, they may be surprised to see their
25 character entry truncated to 20 without any warning
message.

Report Formatting. Report layouts are created by the
same "screen painting" action used to define the record format.
The report format is broken up into several sections: a header,
a detail section, one of up to nine sub-totals or a report total.
In the screen below, you see a simple report containing only:
a header, consisting of manually entered text; the detail
consisting of three fields; and, the end of the report.

ud
Hp

A ar —tm
Es Layout for report DRUIDTE

H
Most NANE FIRST MAME PHONE NO. RECORD

1D
EOS AASARACASAR NAS 502^^^^^ t^ Ps PS ^y N ^(503)504^^^^ 505
!! h

Omnis 3 Report Definition Window

Washington Apple Pi

Besides regurgitating data stored in the data base, Omnis 3
reports can contain information computed from fields in the
data base. The possibilities are numerous. Besides the usual
numeric operations, many mathematical and string functions
are provided: absolute value, power, square root, integer part,
string comparison, concatenation and subselection. You can
use boolean tests such as Dept="Mngr" (which evaluate as one
if true and zero if false) to increase the reporting power.
Omnis 3 allows you to enter a "look-up" table to convert an
abbreviation to a longer code in the report. For example, the
code "M" could appear as "Male" and the code "F" as
"Female".

A mail merge would be a very easy thing to perform with
the Omnis 3 reporting capability. Your form (mailing label,
invoice, etc.) is designed using the multi-screen "painting"
mode employed to define record formats. Numerous field
display formats, similar to those described earlier for file
definition, are available. Among the most common are justi-
fication and number of decimal places. You may embed
commas in numbers and have negative values printed within
parentheses.

On the negative side, Omnis 3 report capability does not
support mixing of the Macintosh's many fonts. A entire
report can be designated for printing in only one font. 1 have
some trouble even making Font selection work properly under
Finder 5.1 on the Apple Hard disk. 1 can not get a single font
or font size selected; check marks appear next to more than
one font and size regardless of what 1 check.

Sorting & Searching. Beside entering data and printing it
back again, Omnis 3 allows you to rearrange your data, select
subsets of records and "massage" the items stored in the fields.
Omnis 3 permits you to define as many as fifty (!!) selection
rules to extract records. The rules allow for all of the usual
boolean operations (equal, greater than, "and"ing, "or"ing,
etc.) as well as string manipulation of text to pick out the
desired records. The sorting power is equally complete in as
much as you can use up to nine items to define the sorting
arrangement.

One of Omnis 3's most powerful features is the multiple
update of entries within the file. With this feature, you can
increase prices for selected records by a specified amount or
you can transfer a final balance to an opening balance at the
beginning of a fiscal period. Internal computations like these
are usually found in expensive, language-oriented data base
packages which require you to write a program to process
designated records. In this sense, Omnis 3 is programmable
without requiring you to write a program.

Relational Capabilities. Omnis 3 permits access to as
many as a dozen files using a relational data base approach.
Relational data bases allow you to pull information from
separate files which have been connected through one or more
common fields. For example, a journal of accounts contains
one record per account while a transaction file with one record
per transaction contains: many records relating to a given
account. A relational data base package keeps these two files
separate, yet allows you to obtain a total figure for all
transactions on a given account and store that number in the
journal of accounts.

Multi-user Features. One last feature you may need in a

business environment is a protection scheme. Omnis di

allows you to define passwords for nine users: a master and
eight others. While the master user can access anything, the
others may be restricted from certain operations and fields.
When users begin a session with Omnis, they must enter a
password. Based upon the protection scheme the Master user
establishes, others users will be allowed to perform some
activities but can be excluded from others. Each of the other
users may have their own unique access defined for Omnis
options, files, menus, and layouts.

Documentation. The 300+ page manual is divided into
four parts and includes an Appendix. It contains a table of
contents and an index. Part 1 is an introduction with tutorial
which uses a sample data base included on the disks to make
simple changes and to produce a report. The sample data base
is referred to throughout the manual. Part 2 is a more in-
depth walk through practically every aspect of the program.
The third and longest part is a complete reference section
organized around the pull-down menus. The last part deals
with utilities for reorganizing files and exchanging data. The
manual is professionally printed on semi-glossy paper and
comes in a three ring binder.

I found the manual to be weak only in the following way.
Both an overview of what a data base is and an example of
starting from scratch to build a series of inter-related files are
lacking . The manual does a good job of discussing the
procedure of defining records and reports, but fails to walk the
novice user through Omnis 3's screens and how to respond
when beginning on your own. All the examples relate to
changing an existing data base. By way of additional docu-
mentation, a sixteen page reference card accompanies the
program. Several sample data bases are provided, each demon-
strating unique features of the program.

. A common problem for users of a new
data base package is the need to import data in file formats
from other programs and/or computers. Omnis 3 provides for
the importing of data in any of four formats: SYLK, DIF,
field delimited and one field per record. The SYLK format is
used by Multiplan and other Microsoft products. The DIF
format dates back to VisiCalc. The field delimited format
allows for the entry of flat files with each record ended by a
Carriage return and each field separated by a special character
such as a blank or comma. This flexibility should allow
access to almost any existing data base.

Negatives. In several areas, Omnis 3 is not true to the
Mac interface. The File menu contains mostly unfamiliar
entries such as "Select Library" and does not include the usual
Open and Close options. To access a data base, you must
select a Library and subsequently a file in the Library (neither
action is performed with an Open). When finished with a data
base, you merely select another one or Quit. The Close
option is only used to close windows, not file or data bases.
Another shortcoming is its inability to handle graphic images
as data fields.

Omnis 3 is copy-protected and requires the use of a key
diskette (two of which are provided). Unfortunately, it does
not support Switcher (at least not Switcher version 4.6
running on a Mac+ with an HD20 hard disk.)

Omnis 3 is a very complete and powerful data
base package that will serve almost any need, including those
of someone developing an application around it. It performs

58 April 1986

well, is challenging to learn but fairly easy to use, and has
considerable power to manipulate and display information
from multi-file data bases. While its use of the Mac interface
is somewhat unique, it uses pull-down menus and screen
graphics to simplify the user's work. Blyth Computer Ltd.,
2929 Campus Drive, Suite 425, San Mateo, CA. 94403,
Phone (415) 571-0222. Price: $495.00 (5

Accounting on Mac contd. from pg 71

either immediate or deferred printing of checks on an indivi-
dual check basis. Cash balances are not charged until the
check is printed. MacOneWrite is the only one of the
packages examined that permits this useful vouchering feature.
MacOne Write will draw a balance sheet and income statement,
but these are of limited use since they only reflect bank
activity--checks, deposits, charges, and Interest. The program
provides for entering account balances outside of the bank
entries. Any such entries, other than initial balances, break
the link between the statements the system prepares, and the
activity in the Disbursements journal. Because of this lack of
integrity and the programs very limited scope, I rate it as
unacceptable as an accounting system. rate it good, if
expensive, as a cash disbursements journal to be used in con-
junction with an accounting system, or even excellent if a
high volume of checks and/or a vouchering capability is

required,
MacOneWrite lists for $245 and is available from The
Software Specialist for $175. G5

Mac BBS contd. from pg 75

SigMac disks and a reply to this item. The reply said that
SigMac disks use MacWrite 2.2 and have to be "opened" and
"converted" if one is using MacWrite 4.5. The reply further
advised using MacWrite 2.2 or moving the document to
another disk (with more space) and opening it with 4.5. 1
believe further elaboration is necessary. The MacWnte
documents on the disk in question are in 4.5 format and must
be opened with 4.5. Version 2.2 of MacWrite cannot open
documents saved in 4.5 format (except those saved as text-
only, which these documents were not). Indeed, the "not able
to open document” message is one which appears when an
attempt is made to open a MacWrite 4.5 document using
MacWrite 2.2, When MacWrite 4.5 attempts to open a
Mac Write 2.2 document, it displays a message saying that it
is converting the document (and for text-only documents, it
asks if carriage returns signify new paragraphs or line breaks).
Please be advised, however, that some SigMac disks
(especially early ones) do contain MacWrite 2.2 documents.
So, if you get one of the messages, you know you have
attempted to Open the document with a different MacWrite
version than the one with which it was created. If you are
opening a 2.2 with 4.5, it is probably okay to proceed. If you
are opening a 4.5 with 2.2, you will have to get a copy of
MacWrite 4.5 in order to read it. 6

Washington Apple Pi

The Generic PC:

Fast Relief

for IBM
Sticker Shock

x y Kec
date with your software. If you have a later version (one you
have, not have "heard" about), please contact David Morgan-
stein at (301) 972-4263 so we can keep our list current.

TITLE YERSION NO,

CONCLURE by Bud Stolker

COPY Il MAC 5.0

CRUNCH 1.0 Here's good news if you're shopping for an IBM PC-compatible compu-

DELUXE MUSIC CONST SET ter: you can now buy more machine than you expected to get—for less

e ER D money than you expected to pay.

FEDIT 3.5 You can, in fact, have your PC custom-tailored to your requirements,

FINDER 5.1 from software right down to the circuit board- and chip-level, at a price

FONT/DA MOVER 3.0B less than that of an off-the-shelf PC. And your machine will be not only

FONTASTIC re cheaper; it will be better.

FRONT DESK 1.0 I can design for you an IBM PC/X T-compatible that adheres fully to IBM

HAYDEN SPELLER 1.2 hardware and software standards, yet enhances those standards in

SE AUG da ways that do not interfere with conventional operation or future expan-
UNTANT ; sion.

JAZZ 1.0

MACDRAFT 1.1 Your generic version of the IBM PC/XT will come with each component

MACDRAW 1.9 individually selected for cost-effectiveness, and tested for performance

MACLABELLER 2.0 and quality. My PC's are better systems dollar-for-dollar than any other

MACNOSY 2.0 IBM clone you'll find.

MACPAINT 1.5

MAC PLOT 1.7 And now you can get as much as three megabytes of free programs with

MACPROJECT 1.0 the computer! Included is software for word processing, project, data

MACPUBLISHER 1.6 base, and spreadsheet management, investment analysis, telecom-

MACTERMINAL 1.2 munications, graphics for design, charting, and advertising, a Sidekick-

MACWRITE 45 like notepad and alarm clock, and even an array of video games. Hard

MICRO PLANNER disk systems have all software properly installed and linked by appro-

MS BASIC 2.1 priate custom help screens.

MS FILE 1.02

MS FORTRAN 2.1 Prices start at $1240 for a fully warranted, fully supported computer

MS WORD 1.05 with 256K RAM, two floppy disk drives, multiple serial and parallel

MULTIPLAN 1.1 ports, clock/calendar, monitor, bundled software, and lots of room to

MUSIC WORKS grow with you. Each system is customized to your requirements, and

OMNIS 3 3.1 built to the highest standards. Support includes a system analysis so

OVERVUE 20D you don't buy too much or too little, extensive component testing, inte-

QUICK & DIRTY UTILS 1 1.05 gration of a vast array of useful software you can use immediately,

PAGEMAKER 11 personalized instruction manual, after-sale checkup, and my firm com-

PRETTY GOOD TERMINAL 20 mitment to quality and client satisfaction.

ESTO COMPOSER 20 Check with me when you're ready for a PC, and let's talk about why a

RED RYDER 70 custom-tailored personal computer is the best buy you can make.

RES EDIT 1.0D5

SIDE KICK 1.1

CO m 25 Landmark Computer Laboratories

SWITCHER 4.6 Suite 1506

SYSTEM 3.0 101 South Whiting Street

THINK TANK 512 1.2 la. V 22504

TIME BASE té Alexandria, Virginia 223

TML PASCAL 1.1

MUR EINEN T Telephone (703) 370-2242 E SourceMall TCB076

VERSATERM 1.52

Washington Apple Pi

IBM PC, PC/XT, and PC/AT are registered tredemarks of Internationa) Business Machines Corporation. Sidekick laa
registered trademark of Borland International.

April 1986 59

EXCEL'ing ON YOUR MAC

by David Morganstein

"Help!" said the voice on the phone. "My cities are where
my years should be and my years are where my cities should
be..." This cry of distress began yet another exciting adven-
ture on the Excel hotline. Being on the hotline is a fun
opportunity to meet new people (and discover "undocumented
features" in my favorite spreadsheet program). In this case,
the call came from my old friend Jim. Jim's problem was
quickly resolved. He wanted to make a bar chart from seven
years of revenue data from three companies. Two versions of
the data are shown below.

OE CompanyData ===
a Te |c jo] ETF] 6] W|

10 First Attempt PARA pe

11| ¡CoA jCoB jCoC

12 | 19801 $341 $25
13| 1981 TER [$29

14 1982 $39; $30] :

15 | 1983; $40! - t30] : $36]
16 | 1984! TIENE $34| $37].
17 "198 a $35;

18 pose JE:

i rud

e Puit lio el ASPEN
lle 1980; 1981!

22 |COA..... m m

23 \Co8 | $25

24 |CoC |... $301...

First he selected and copied the rectangle from A11 to
D18. Next he opened a new chart window and did a paste.
This resulted in the following, nice bar chart:

$50
$45
$40

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986

Unfortunately, the companies and years are not the way he
wanted them. In a second attempt, shown in the data window
above, he tried to transpose the data items, making the com-
panies rows, and the years columns. This seems like a rea-
sonable response don't you think? Guess what...Excel didn't
care which way he did it. After copying from A21 to H24 and
pasting into a new chart, the bar chart was the same. Try it
yourself.

Excel is thinking of the data as series. A bar (or any

labels (the top row or leftmost column) are present, Excel
uses them to define the series. It looks for numeric characters
to determine the series (in this case the years). No matter
how you position the data, the years will always be the series,
unless...(you knew there had to be a way out of this didn't
you?).

As last month, the key is the Paste Special command. It
allows you to select the categories, the x-axis points, and the
values, the y-axis points from your rows or columns. After
selecting and copying the All to D18 rectangle, and choosing
a New Chart, pick Paste Special. You will get the following
dialog box:

Paste Special

Values in
O Rows
@ Columns

[X] Series Names in First Row
Categories in First Column

Excel is assuming each series appears as a column con-
sisting of seven entries. There are three columns, each a dif-
ferent series. By clicking on Rows, you are saying, "No,
there are seven Series, each containing three entries." After the
Paste, we have... voila, the desired plot (with legend added for
clarity)!
$50
$45
$40
$35
$30
$25
$20
$15
$10

$5
$0

CoA CoB Coc

Abbreviated Commands. While we are on the subject of
creating new charts, have you discovered the abbreviation
command-n, followed by hitting the C key twice? (Or the M
key twice for a Macro sheet?) Excel has numerous keystroke
short cuts which keep your hands on the keyboard. Try Hands
on Excel by Danny Goodman for a thorough discussion of

other) chart consists of a series of points. These may appear many shortcuts.

as a row or as a column. Multiple series, like this problem, Undocumented Features. (Not to be confused with

consists of several columns (or rows). Unfortunately, if bugs...) id
contd.

60 April 1986 Washington Apple Pi

e When working with the Laserwriter, the reduction factor
appears to change the size of the text only, not that of the
graph!

e Files created under Finder 4.1 may contain longer length
names than those created under 5.0. When Excel, using
Finder 5.0, tries to display the file names on a disk containing
long-named files, rather than warn you of a problem, it
bombs.

e While the values computed in a spreadsheet and graphed
in a chart are dynamically updated in the chart when they
change in the spreadsheet, labels copied from the sheet are not!
They must be manually maintained in the chart even though
they originally were copied from the spreadsheet and pasted in
the chart. If you click on a Series in a chart, you will see the
definition of the series at the top of the screen (we discussed
this last month). The first parameter of the series is the label.
Note that it is merely text enclosed in quotes. There is no
reference to the sheet from which it was copied.

Neat Macros. Bob Holtzman sent me some material on
macros that he obtained from Microsoft to share with all
WAP Excel users. Some of the routines are more interesting
for what they teach than for what they do. This month, we'll
take a look at a mailing list routine which takes a rectangular
selection (in this example located in cells A1:C3) and
transforms it into a mailing list, appearing vertically down the
spreadsheet, here in column A. To make a copy of the
selected rows appear in a column of labels, you begin by

selecting the rows you desire and then running the Macro.
E( |ES= MailingLblsNames ===]

Rockville, MD | T
New York, NY FÈ

| 8 |

| 9 |SallySmith | — —
710 |5678 99th St

11 [Rockvilie, MD} ou

| 12 |

Let's go through the listing one line at a time. The last
line of the Macro contains the only reference to a cell position
within it, indicating that the macro must be entered beginning
in cell Al. Type in the macro, select cell A2 and issue a
define name command, using a descriptive name like "mailing
label", Enter the three lines shown above shown in (A1:C3).
You now are ready to try out the macro. In the next few
paragraphs you will see the expression "data base". It is not
necessary to "create" an Excel data base to use the Mailing
Labels macro.

Al MAILING LABELS

A2 =SET.NAME("row",ROWS(SELECTIONO))
A3 =SET.NAME("col",COLUMNS(SELECTIONO))
A4 =SET.NAME("counter",0)

Washington Apple Pi

AS =SELECT(OFFSET(ACTIVE.CELLO.0,0):
(OFFSET(ACTIVE.CELL(),0,col-1)))

A6 =DEFINE.NAME("temp",SELECTIONO)

A7 =SELECT(OFFSET(ACTIVE.CELLO,
counter*col+1+row,0):OFFSET(ACTIVE.CELL(),
counter*col+col+row,0), OFFSET(ACTIVE.CELL{),
counter*col+1+row,0))

A8 =FORMULA.ARRAY("=TRANSPOSE(temp)”)

A9 =COPY()

A10 =PASTE.SPECIAL(3, 1)

A11 =SELECT(OFFSET(ACTIVE.CELLO,
-row-counter*col,0): OFFSET(ACTIVE.CELLO,
-row-counter*col, col-1), OFFSET(ACTIVE.CELLO,
-row-counter*col,0))

A12 =SET.NAME("counter",counter+l)

A13 =IF(counter=row,RETURNO,GOTO(A6))

The first three commands SET.NAME's create three vari-
ables, "row", "col" and "counter" referred to later in the macro.
"Row" contains the number of rows in your selected data base
and "col" contains a count of columns. "Counter" is set to
one and will be increased by one after each "mailing label" is
created. In cell A5, the first row of your data is selected.

The SELECT command contains two arguments, the first
indicating the upper left hand comer of the area to be selected
and the second identifying the lower right hand corner. The
selected corners are described using OFFSET which contains
three arguments. OFFSET's first argument is an area and the
next two describe a row and column displacement from the top
left of the area. OFFSET results in a reference of the same
size as the area listed as its first argument (here
ACTIVE.CELL(). Since the first displacements are "0,0",
the upper left hand corner of the area being selected is the
current active cell. The displacement for the lower right hand
comer are "O,col-1", indicating the same row as the
ACTIVE.CELL, but "col-1" columns to the right of it.
Remember that "col" contains the number of columns, here
three, in the selected area of your database. The results of all
this is to SELECT the first row of the database. The name
"temp" is given to this selection.

The effect of cells A7 (&A11) are the toughest to appre-
ciate but now that we see what SELECT and OFFSET do,
maybe it won't be so bad! A7 selects an area located under the
leftmost column of the data base. The upper left corner of the
area in which the next mailing label will appear is offset from
the current record (now the first row of the data base) by
"counter*col+1+row". Since "counter" is currently zero and
"row" in our example is three, we are talking about a position
four rows below the start of the data base (0*3+1+3). As
counter is increased for each mailing label (in A12), the start
position of the next label will move down by the number of
entries (i.e. columns) in the label. Well that certainly makes
sense! The bottom right corner where the label goes is in the
same column but "col" rows lower, that is, “counter*col+
col+row".

Cell A8 says to "TRANSPOSE" the active selection (still
the first row of the data base). Transpose means to "flip
around" the meaning of the rows and columns. Something
which is one row high by three columns wide. becomes three

contd. on pg 63

April 1986 61

g') FREDERICK APPLE CORE /;

A SLICE OF THE WASHINGTON APPLE PI

OFFICERS & CHAIRMEN

President - Scott Galbraith
Vice President - John Lee
Secretary/Treasurer - Bruce Taylor
Librarian - Tony Svajlenka
Program Chairman - John Lee
Newsletter Editor - Kathy Kenyon

Newsletter Chairman - Lynn R. Trusal
SIG MAC Chairman - Lynn R. Trusal
SYSOP Scott Galbraith

The Frederick Apple Core meets the second Thursday of
each month in the large conference room of the U.S. Army
Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick,
Frederick, MD 21701-5011 at 7:30 PM.

April 10
May 8

- Program to be announced
- Program to be announced

HOTLINE MEMBERS

Lynn R. Trusal - (301) 845-2651
Scott Galbraith - (301) 865-3035
Kurt Holter - (301) 663-4199
Bruce Taylor - (301) 371-6181

The above members of the "Frederick Apple Core" (FAC)
have agreed to field questions on Apple computer hardware and
software for FAC members. Please no calls after 10:00 PM.

The SIG MAC of the Frederick Apple Core meets on the
fourth Tuesday of each month in the same location and at the
same time. MAC owners in the local area are welcome. Call
Lynn R. Trusal at (301) 845-2651 for details.

- LaserWriter Printer
- Macintosh Plus

April 22
May 27

INSIDE "MACIN
APPLETALK"

by Lynn R. Trusal and Peter Markiewicz (Frederick Apple Core)

For the sum of $75 each, Apple Computer (467 Saratoga
Ave, Suite 621, San Jose, CA, 408-988-6009) will send you
either Inside Laserwriter or Inside AppleTalk. Both come in
loose leaf binders with Apple logos and two 3.5 inch Macin-
tosh diskettes. Inside Macintosh is only $20 and is available
from the same address in the form of a large telephone book.
We will briefly discuss what is contained in each manual and
why anyone interested in Macintosh might want to order
them.

INSIDE APPLETALK
Inside AppleTalk is a 2 inch thick manual with unnum-
bered pages, which reflects its overall disorganization. It has
no table of contents but is divided into 14 sections that
include the following: introduction to AppleBus, electrical
and mechanical specifications, link access protocol, protocol
architecture introduction, datagram delivery protocol, routine
table maintenance protocol, name binding protocol, trans-
acuon protocol, data stream protocol, programmer's guide,
Appletalk installer, AppleTalk poke, and AppleTalk peek.
The included disks contain the install, peek, and poke
routines.

62 April 1986

Anyone familar with Apple documentation would be
severely disappointed in Inside AppleTalk. It is neither well
organized nor professionally done. Some pages are duplicates
and others are almost illegible because of the wide variety of
devices used to prepare the documentation. The manual is
designed to cover the electrical, mechanical, and procedural
specifications for the AppleTalk Local Area Network (LAN).
There are technical specifications for AppleBus (I don't believe
this term is used anymore) including hardware, software, and
protocols. As a user who was trying to find out more infor-
mation on AppleTalk in order to set up a Macintosh LAN, I
did find some of the electrical specifications very useful.
There are additional LAN installation instructions in a small
manual included with each AppleTalk Connector Kit but not
as part of "Inside AppleTalk.” The small manual supplied
with each connector kit was most helpful because it covered
the overall do's and don't's of hooking Macintoshes and other
devices to the network. Installation of an AppleTalk LAN
will be the subject of a future article.

The AppleTalk installer program allows the user to
modify the AppleTalk resources in the System resource file of

contd.

Washington Apple Pi

any disk volume, while the AppleTalk Poke is used by
AppleTalk developers to test their protocol software/hardware
implementations for AppleTalk products. Finally, the Apple-
Talk Peek program is a network tool used to monitor packet
traffic on a single AppleTalk network.

My overall impression is that unless you are technically
minded or in charge of setting up a Macintosh AppleTalk
Network, you would have little need for Inside AppleTalk.

INSIDE LASERWRITER

In contrast to the previous manual, Inside LaserWnter is
much more up to Apple documentation standards. It is a large
manual, about the size of a large phone book, consisting of10
Appendices. These include: the postscript language manual,
the postscript cookbook, the Adobe font manual, the advanced
users supplement, the AppleTalk printer access protocol,
programming and debugging aids, example of LaserWriter
Output, the Macintosh print manager, using MacTerminal to
talk directly to the postscript computer in LaserWriter, and
postscript file structuring conventions. The manual is
designed to give the user information they will need to
develop their own Macintosh applications which take advan-
tage of the unique features of the LaserWriter printer. Apple
is quick to point out that the manual is not complete and the
final version will be sent when it is completed, although no
date is given. This proposed final version will have 4
additional chapters dealing with development of Macintosh or
PC applications so that applications will print successfully on
the LaserWriter.

Also included are two 3.5 inch disks. One contains pro-
gramming and debugging aids and the other screen fonts which
are resident in the LaserWriter's ROM's. The manual does not
give technical specifications including setup and maintenance
on the mechanical parts of the LaserWriter. Once again, if
you only plan on using the LaserWriter connected to one Mac-
intosh or a LAN, you probably do not need Inside Laser-
Writer.

If you want to program the Macintosh in a language other

than MS-Basic, you will need the information in this massive
volume. Inside Macintosh describes the 600 or so ROM
routines of the Mac Toolbox used to create graphics, controls,
windows, menus, and allow programs to respond to the mouse
and other “user driven" events. The ROM programs are divided
into 25 groups, one per chapter, called "managers." In the
"Window Manager", for example, routines that create, move,
and dispose of windows are listed, along with the information
they require from the programmer. To use the routines, it is
necessary to have a programming language like Pascal, or
68000 machine language. The text of Inside Macintosh is
very difficult to read due to poor indexing, and the fact that
most ROM routines require other routines to be invoked at the
same time in order to function properly. Those already
familar with a language like "C" or Pascal will still require a
few months to learn effective use of the ROM. The "promo-
tional edition" of Inside Macintosh, printed on telephone-book
paper (and just as thick) costs $20, and can be ordered from:
Apple Computer, Inc., 467 Saratoga Avenue, Suite 621, San
Jose, CA 95129, (408) 988-6009. An updated version of the
above is being published by Addison-Wesley, in three vol-
umes. It will be considerably more expensive than the "phone
book" version.

Several other books detailing the Mac ROM are now
available, and although they are expensive, they are also better
organized:

(Chernicoff), two volumes, Hayden
Book Company, 1985 (Pascal orientation, but useful to every-
one).

Using the Macintosh Toolbox with C (Takatsuka,
Huxam, Bumard), one volume, Sybex, 1986 (Many good pro-
gramming examples in C).

I also recommend subscribing to MacTutor, a monthly
magazine detailing use of the Toolbox for virtually all
programming languages available for the Mac. Even MS-
Basic 2.0 users will find much valuable information here.
Source code on disk for the programs is also available.
MacTutor ($30 per year, check only), PO Box 846, Placentia,
CA 9267, (714) 993-9939. @

Excel'ing contd. from pg 61

rows high by one column wide. TRANSPOSE can be used to
do some very powerful things, but that is for another day...
This transposing doesn't actually happen on the worksheet. In
A9 & A10, the transposed record is copied to the clipboard and
then pasted "special" back to the three high area below the data
base. PASTE.SPECIAL(3,1) says to paste only the values,
with no "operation" being performed on the data. If you have
done a PASTE.SPECIAL, you have seen two sets of radio
buttons*. The first set allows for pasting "all, formulas,
values or formats". The third selection is values, hence the
"three" as the first argument of PASTE.SPECIAL. The
second set of buttons lets you paste and either make no change
or add, subtract, multiply or divide by a constant. The "one"
as the second argument of PASTE.SPECIAL says paste as is.

Washington Apple Pi

We now have the first record copied below the data base.
All undoes what A7 did, making a selection of the second
row of the data base. A12 increases “counter” by one and A13
checks to see if we have reached the last row of the data base.
If so, we are done, otherwise, we loop back to the line which
defines "temp" as the current selection and we repeat the
process. Pretty slick, don't you think? The macro capability
of Excel is incredibly powerful. There is plenty to discuss in
upcoming columns.

* Ed. note. Yes, you read right, David has perpetuated an
expression which he originally heard being used by Rich
Norling and Jim Rafferty. The radio buttons pertain to the
little circles you see in choice boxes. Old word for new
technology!

April 1986 63

A DEVELOPER'S VIEW olin TATE Il

When a Macintosh h Developer a attends a computer show, he
will have a different point of view than the average Macintosh
user. Although I am sure that I missed some things, here are
some of the products which excited me the most.

Most Waited for Hardware Product:

By now you have probably read about the MacPlus, and
perhaps have upgraded your Mac with either the ROM's and
double-sided drive, or gone all the way with the logic board
swap. Here is what I found significant (1 am typing this in
my hotel room on my new Macintosh Plus):

e The ROM now contains many routines which used to be
in the system file and loaded into RAM. This saves space on
the disk and in RAM. For example, the new ROM includes
AppleTalk and the floating point routines.

e Many of the ROM routines such as the resource manager
have been speeded up. Most of the bugs have been fixed.

« The double-sided, 800K disk drive is faster than the origi-
nal 400K drive.

» The Finder now has a four level RAM cache which is set
from the control panel desk accessory. This routine will try
to cache fonts, resources, the floppy disk, and then other
things in RAM.

e The SCSI interface, which is very important to me, can
be thought of as a high speed parallel input/output port. If
the Mac had had a SCSI interface last January, I could have
done the Spartan 1 ground station on a Mac! (For those of
you who do not follow the Space Shuttle Program, Spartan 1
flew last July.) The software was developed on a Macintosh
and ported to an industrial 68000-based computer. However, I
still want slots. There is a rumor that slots will be available
in a future product.

¢ The Macintosh Plus will boot from floppy, the HD-20,
or any device on the SCSI port. There were some $799 10-
Meg hard disks hooked into the SCSI at the show. Also,
since the Tecmar hard disk has a standard Xebec SASI control-
ler in it, a friend of mine claims that the two standards are
"close enough” so that with only cables, connectors and a
format routine, we should be able to attach a Tecmar to the
Mac Plus. Another friend at Tecmar told me that he tried this
with a Western Digital controller and it did not work. So we
shall see.

Fastest Hardware Product:
E

This had to be the hottest hardware add-on at the show!
The Levco MacSuper 20 FP has the Motorola 68020 and
68881 both running at 16 MHz clock speed, 4 Meg of RAM
using a 32 bit-wide data path in a board which fits inside the
Mac. For those readers who did not understand the last
sentence let me translate: it is FAST! It also shows us that
Mac software does run on the-68020. Future Apple products

April 1986

l m specializing in Mac sofware à and training Js

will probably use this super fast microprocessor. In the
meantime, those of us who need fast number crunching have a
Mac-based solution. (A 12.5 MHz 68020/68881 based com-
puter used at Berkeley did floating point operations as fast as a
Vax 780.) When I saw the demonstration, Andy Hertzfeld,
Berl Smith, and John (Captain Crunch) Draper were eyeing
this product and suggesting ways to make it go even faster!

Hottest Soft Product: MacLiehtni

As I am typing this article, a spelling checker called
MacLightning is checking my spelling. It is a desk accessory
that works in the background while you type in most ANY
Macintosh program. If you make a mistake, you just type
CMDI and a dictionary window appears, so you can click on
the right word (it tries to find the closest word to it), browse
through the dictionary, or add the word you typed to the add
list. If you want to make a correction, type CMD 2 and the
program will paste the corrected word in for you. You can
also have MacLightning check an entire document or a
selected area of text.

I have found some bugs in MacLightning. For example,
about once a week when using MacLightning, I have had the
Mac lock up and freeze. (Ed. Note: Zap, maybe?) Because I
save my work "early and often", it has not been too bad.
However, you might want to wait for the next release of
MacLightning if putting up with early bugs is not worth the
benefit of having real-time spelling checking. Cost: $100 (but
a software house at the fair was selling it for $66).

Product with the Most Potential:

This is a fun and useful hardware accessory for Mac, Apple
// and (gasp) IBM computers. It allows you to enter listings
into your computer using a special bar-code-like "softstrip"
from the printed page! I talked the Cauzin people into selling
me an Apple // version Reader with a Mac cable and a beta
version of the Mac software. They also gave me a stack of
sample listings that included brochures and even a magazine
with Mac software in softstrip format.

Cauzin knows it will take a while for this technology to
catch on, and they are in it for the long haul. The Softstrip
Reader retails for $200.00, but I assume WAP could arrange a
group buy. Perhaps four or five members who see each other
once a week could even buy one together to share the cost and
rotate using it.

Cauzin promises a program which will allow anyone to
print their own strips to an Imagewriter. Then it would be
great if the WAP Journal would run some listings and their
index each month using softstrips. When this catches on, the
disk libraries could be distributed on paper (much cheaper to
duplicate than disks) for those who have the Reader and want
to save the money.

contd.

Washington Apple Pi

Misleading Advertising: Mach]

I purchased Mach! FORTH from Palo Alto Shipping Co.
As a MacFORTH Level 3 developer, I wanted to see what all
the fuss was about. First the good news: it does easily
support Multi-window Multi-tasking. Machl is also current-
ly faster than MacFORTH. However, MacFORTH easily
does its multi-tasking in the same window as multiple back-
ground tasks. Machl gets its speed by using subroutine-
threading, but the penalty for this is that your code is in 32K
segments. Although Palo Alto Shipping Co. claims that
Apple insists on this since MicroSoft does not do it in Word
or Excel, it is probably just more marketing hype from the
Machl people. Also, I have seen the next MacFORTH
kernel, and it runs as fast, if not faster, than Machl without
the 32K limitation.

The only other unique feature, and the reason I bought a
copy of Machl, is the use of standard Motorola 68000
assembler. When Apple sends me some assembler source
code, I prefer not to convert it to post fix assembler. (How-
ever, many FORTH programmers I know consider a standard
pre-fix assembler a limitation.) Machl would be worth the
price if it did not keep crashing on the Macintosh Plus and
Finder 5.1.

Everything else that is claimed to be unique about Mach1
is in MacFORTH and some features have been working since
April 1984! The list includes normal text files (called stream
input in MacFORTH), local variables, floating-point, vectored
LO, AppleTalk, MacinTalk, templates, and toolbox access.
MacFORTH is a mature language and supports much more
than the above list. Some MacFORTH programmers may not
know how to perform some of the above functions and so
may think that MacFORTH cannot do them. Examples of all
of these functions are available from the MacFORTH users
group, the MacFORTH CompuServe sig (GO FORTH at the
! prompt), and some are on WAP disks.

When you see a demo of Mach, note that it is on a Mac
with 1 Meg of RAM, running a RAM disk and Switcher.
MacFORTH works under the same conditions, but a smart
programmer does not do development work under those condi-
tions. It is too easy to lose your work. The MacPlus, with
its write-through cache, is fast and safe. MacFORTH has
been out for two years and has been updated four times during
that period. Most of the software development tools for it are
mature and debugged. Until the Palo Alto Shipping Co. gets
Mach! running on the Macintosh Plus, I'll continue to use
Apple's MDS assembler package and link the object code into
my MacFORTH programs (a relatively straightforward proced-
ure).

Brief Impressions of Other Products

We have been looking for a reasonably priced disk-based
database manager to do what OverVUE 2.0 was not designed
to do. Interlace by Singular Software seems to fit the bill.
List price is $150, show special $95. Will let you know
what I think after we beat it up.

I finally picked up Pinball Construction Set and Deluxe
Music Construction Set after seeing them demonstrated by
Electronic Arts. You have probably already read reviews, so
I'll just say that they are both great. The pinball flippers had
a slower response on the MacPlus until Finder 5.1 Installer
was run on the disk. After that, the response was the same as
on the 512K Mac. G5

Washington Apple Pi

n — ds A «te — ann M n A. O ann A ee TA defan -—— PA —— ume tep AP QA QR A nè Qum VUE (END O ee ee ee anan D ann
n aa (us A es Aue ann Sit duum A Gtf ium A d O ee gen ee n ee A DP O die van A ER (ub Gum dme me KE dun; es ee (NN

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April 1986 65

REVIEW CORRER

by James M. Burger zz

Dverview 2.0d

My hardest software selection decision has been the
selection of a database program. BMac (Before Macintosh) I
tried several databases on my ][+. Either they were far too
complex, requiring megahours to learn, or not powerful
enough to meet my needs. I needed a database program which
could act as a roladex for client names, addresses and tele-
phone numbers, and the file should also be usable for far more
powerful applications--keeping track of dockets, mail merge,
important personal dates, etc.

When I took the plunge and purchased one of the first
Lisas, I had to manage with LisaList. As its names implies,
the program was not a true database but a list manager. To its
credit, it had the original version of the Macintosh interface.
Thus, it was truly easy to learn. But, it had little power and
was not relational.

The difficulty I have had with Macintosh database pro-
grams is not their lack of power. Rather, it has been their
proliferation. I have not tried all the available database pro-
grams. But I have tried several, including FileVision, File-
Maker, and Microsoft File. There are some more powerful
ones that I have not had a chance to review (but see David
Morganstein's review of Omnis 3 in this issue).

Recently, I began to use OverVUE. Deceptively simple
in structure (and therefore, easy to learn), Over VUE is a very
powerful relational database with macros, charting, mail
merge and many other useful features. Moreover, release 2.0d
is not copy protected, therefore easy to install on the disk and
does not require use of a "key disk." It also works with HFS.

Ease of Learning. OverVUE opens up to a spread- sheet-
like data entry and presentation format. See Illustration 1. I
find the spreadsheet-like format the best method of data
presentation. This is a personal choice. But, OverVUE also
toggles to an individual record (file card-like) format. Merely,
click in the lower right-hand corner where the "Zoom Box" re-
places the window sizing handle. This is a deviation from the
"Standard Mac Interface". While this one is acceptable, there
were some others I found annoying.For example, a screen size
index card is displayed where the fields of the individual record
appear, instead of the spreadsheet format (see Illustration 2).

" é fie Do Print Chart Edit Find Analyzo Math Setup Rttrb

——)] Phone List 1/22 CEA
R WORK TOL MO. HOME TEL MO. MOORCSG

WEIMA, IRA (301) 333-2919 6110 BUCKINGHAN MANOA DAHU |. -
MCIMTPAWO, ALOCAT (303) 555-0220 «303» 333-6500 ASSOC,. JAM CELIDEM, 441 72].
MELLEA, JERAY (314) 3337-6041 € NORTHERN AIA LINES e
WELLS, AL (808) 3539-6729 (808) 333-0943 SLE saaa AIRLINES 800 38 fi;
LESLEA, JON (202) 335-9406 ¢ FRA, MOISE 1
f HESTIN FITHESS CENTER (202) 555-4194 € BETSY, MA.
WHITE, MAC (807) 533-0603 <
HILDOURKÉ, PRESTON (414) 333-3123 €
J MILKZASON, LEON (3123) 555-4407 €
UILKES, .Xnev n

AIR WISCONSIN vi
UMITED AIRLINES, remota 1]:
(9317) 339-7600 (613) 335-1840 (Wed > $4
(202) 555-9212 (709) 595-7700 CHIFE - JANGTIGSEC. MINA) |::
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(312) 555-2338 SEE UNITED AIA LINES

(000) 353-7155
(800) 555-9048
«202» 555-9911
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Illustration 1 - Spreadsheet Format

April 1986

é File Do Print Chert Edit Find Analyze Math SetUp Rttrb 90

: HOR

Phone List 1/22
¿rec (131LKES, JONN ki. E. DU! MAN 03175 SS 1900 | EET
go TEL NO. e rS m REO SV [07
ASTATE BIJH Z P RIEN ET LE vice MEER CUA "m
SRODRE SS
perla de CO —

ki emi
ir

ee — A]
Last be a ——S
PR .. "

Illustration 2 - Zoom to Individual Record

Creating columns for a file is extremely easy. You pull
down the Setup File and choose New Column (or Command
k). You then name the column and set the display width
(fields can contain up to 62 characters, but you can vary how
much is displayed). The Attributes menu allows a number of
formatting options for inputs including: variations in text
type (any text, alphabetic, alphanumeric, numeric, money,
date, time, phone or yes/no), right flush (as opposed to the
default, left flush), word caps, all caps, no duplicates (to pre-
vent superfluous identical entries), identical (where one field
will always be the same), clairvoyance (where the program
searches earlier entries as you type and guesses the entry),
space tab and two space tab (to allow moving between fields
easily). Also other options help ease entry. You can format
an input pattern - this is extremely useful for things like
telephone number. The parenthesis, space and dash can be
automatic permitting you to just type the numbers. Also,
you can create a "value bar" with radio buttons for common
entries in the "edit box." In Illustration 3, I have created three
choices for entry - the three surrounding jurisdictions.

"$ fite Do Print Chert Edit Find Analyze Math SetUp Attrb 00
O O Washington Ohanjlénd Ovirginta |

(fencer) (te

Illustration 3 - Edit Box with a Value Bar

Like many of the options, you can override the choices
and enter what you want. With all these options, creating the
file and entering data is quite easy. Three commands let you
rapidly fill cells with repetitive data: Fill, Empty Fill and
Sequence which allow you to replace a column's entry with
any user defined entry. Empty Fill does the same in only
empty fields of the column. Sequence lets you to use step
values (i.e. 1, 2, 3, and so on) in a column, The Propagate
command permits you to fill empty cells with the contents of
the cell above. This can be a time saver. Unpropagate will
eliminate duplicate information.

Creating summary records is almost too easy. But, th
eae

Washington Apple Pi

can be easily deleted in one operation. Charts can be easily
created and up to six user defined formats can be established.
You can pre-program (using the notepad desk accessory) 20
macros. These are placed on the Do menu. Thus, repetitive
Operations can be automated. For printing, you can create up
to eight report templates. These are placed on the print menu.
Font choices, however, are not available. You have only six
font sizes (Pica, Elite, Semicondensed, Condensed, Ultra-

condensed and Default). : , ,
There are several areas which I would like to see improved

in a subsequent version of OverVUE. When you first open
OverVUE it defaults to a blank sheet asking you to click
"Cancel" or "Ok" in the command box. This can be
disconcerting. I would prefer an open file dialogue box (a nice
feature in that box would be a command to create a new file)
as the first screen upon opening the application.

A pet desire of mine is “standardization” of alternative
command keys. A well taken criticism by IBM-types is the
"need to remove your hands from the keyboard to use the
mouse." Many mouse driven operations are great substitutes
for a series of key strokes (such as moving large sections of
text in a word processor, or choosing printer options, etc.).
On the other hand, small cursor movements or other
operations are faster with key commands. One excellent
feature of the Macintosh interface are the menus which have
alternative key commands. They act as a tutorial until the
user is comfortable with the command key alternatives.

While there are no standards, I have found that the early
Apple applications (MacWrite, Paint, Draw) as enhanced by
Microsoft's Excel provide an excellent base of standard com-
mands. (Remember, one of the great advantages of the
“standard Mac interface" is to make switching from program
to program easier.) Thus, for example, Command-z should
always mean "undo." (This is a good example, because it is
one of the most often accidentally typed entries and does the
least harm.) On OverVUE, Command-z will slide the active
column of fields up one record. If, as I have done on many
occasions, you inadvertently hit Command-z, your file
becomes quite mixed up. Fortunately, the revert to saved
command will save the day if you notice the error before you
save the file. Speaking of saving, Command-s will not save
the file, but will "select" the current field and activate the edit
box. When I have a chance, I will probably use the ResEdit
program from Apple to change OverVUE's key command
alternatives.

Another minor but irritating problem is that while Over-
VUE takes advantage of the spreadsheet format you cannot edit
on the spreadsheet. Editing can be done only in the edit box.
Also a minor irritant, the edit menu features are inactive in the
Zoom mode for individual records. While individual records
can be conveniently edited in the Zoom mode, toggling back
and forth when editing several noncontiguous records is not
ideal (especially without a key command for zoom). Also,
although not relevant for MacUsers, OverVUE will not take
advantage of the larger XLisa screen.

Finally, changing column sizes is an unnecessarily cum-
bersome operation. The best interface is the mouse driven
Microsoft Excel method of "spreading" columns, with the
alternative of changing several columns at once through the
menu. This feature would definitely improve OverVUE.

Washington Apple Pi

Performance. Many of OverVUE's features, such as sort
and find, are much faster than other databases I have used.
This is because it loads the entire database file into RAM. A
disadvantage for 512K users (or those of us with more
memory but who use Switcher extensively), is the limitation
on the size of a file. Under the Apple menu, About
OverVUE... gives a complete summary of the amount of
memory available. On 384K of RAM (my allocation on
Switcher) 402 records on my "Phone List” file uses 23.5
percent of available memory.

Moving information from other databases into Over VUE
works quite smoothly. Despite the lack of information from
Apple on migrating from LisaList, the “Import” feature of
OverVUE transferred my entire list from Lisa easily and
without a flaw. I used the Lisa Migration program to create
text files (which resulted in an ASCII file). The default
Import settings created an OverVUE database which only
required me to name the columns. Also, I "imported" a large
Filemaker file without any problems--again, just requiring
column names.

OverVUE is a relational database. Thus, you are able to
join two files. While not as easy to use as other features, it is
powerful and a welcome feature. It is somewhat complicated
by the need to create a separate "join file" which requires the
use of a word processor. The MockWrite desk accessory
speeds the operation. Also, once joined, if you update
information in one of the earlier files you must change it in
the new file that relies on the other manually. A truly rela-
tional file structure, such as that established between
dependent spreadsheet in Excel, would be welcome. But, the
powerful Macro feature helps simply this task.

The reports feature, as noted above, permits the storage -
-as menu items--of up to eight report forms. But, you have
no font choices. The report forms are easy to create. The
mouse allows easy placement of fields, page numbers, dates,
etc. The lack of a preview feature, however, forces you to use
the trial and error method of formatting your document. This
is another feature I would like to see on an enhanced version.
Also, you are limited to 150 characters in landscape mode,
even using the wide-carriage Imagewriter or the Laser. So far
that hasn't been a problem, but I can envision databases where
this would be a limitation.

Support and Documentation. Support from ProVUE has
been outstanding. Their support people are extremely pleasant
and anxious to help. In fact, because of limitations in the
XLisa Migration, I could not transfer an entire LisaList file.
The ProVUE customer service people worked up a solution
and called back the same day.

The manual is one of the best for any Macintosh product.
I particularly like their introduction, which lists the standard
Macintosh functions (like turning on the machine, clicking on
icons, scroll bars, etc.). The manual then says if you are
unfamiliar with any of them, please see the Macintosh manual
or take the guided tour. The manual is liberally sprinkled
with helpful screen shots and easy to understand instructions.

Conclusion. OverVUE 2.0d is an excellent database
which I recommend for medium-size databases (unless you
have 1 meg. or greater and do not use OverVUE in conjunc-
tion with Switcher). It is easy to learn and easy to use.
While ] have a number of relatively minor complaints, they

contd. on pg 69

April 1986 67

In the February WAP Journal, I reviewed the different
Pascal implementations available on the Apple // and
Macintosh. One new Pascal from TML Systems promised to
be compatible with both Lisa Pascal and Apple's MacPascal.
At present, TML Pascal is the only implementation of Lisa
Pascal that allows programming on the Mac without also
requiring the use of a Lisa/MacXL. TML requires either a
512K Mac or MacXL.

TML offers "MacLanguage Series Pascal" for a list price
of $99, although it has been available from a WAP group
purchase for substantially less. It supports a full implemen-
tation of the ISO Standard Pascal including all calls to the
Mac's ROMs.

Unlike the other Pascals on the Mac, TML produces
68000 machine language "native code" rather than using an
interpreter to execute the program. This results in much faster
program execution, but adds the step of compiling the pro-
gram each time that it is modified. The result is a stand-alone
application (or desk accessory) that can be executed directly
from the finder without a separate "runtime" file to help exe-
cute your program. Unlike other Pascals, TML will not allow
a program to be divided up into separately compiled units.

Despite TML being a small operation, it has produced a
very professional package. The manual is excellent, although
it lacks an index. The system comes with two disks, which
are not copy-protected. The first disk includes the TML Com-
piler, the same Editor program and Linker program that were
written for the Consulair C package, Apple's Resource Com-
piler (RMaker), and Apple's Fon/DA Mover.

The second disk contains a Macintosh interface library and
various runtime routines to be linked into your finished pro-
gram. Because TML conforms to most Lisa Pascal specifica-
tions, you can use /nside Macintosh and Macintosh Revealed
without translation when accessing the Mac's system and
ROMs.

Additional library routines support: (1) 3-dimensional
QuickDraw Graphics, (2) AppleTalk, (3) the Printing Manager
for both the ImageWriter and LaserWriter, and (4) the "Macin-
Talk" speech synthesizer routine that speaks text through the
built-in sound port. The library also supports the standard
Pascal built-in string and input/output procedures. Because
units are not supported, you must manually include interface
information from the library in your program. Machine
language routines are then automatically linked to your pro-
gram before execution. As a result, an application that uses a
variety of system ROM routines will add about 2 minutes to
every compile to process the ‘library include' commands.

Besides the library, the second disk has 130K worth of
sample programs, ranging from a binary tree sort, to the clas-
sic "Grow" window and text edit sample application. Sample
desk accessories, graphics programs, window and menu appli-
cations are also included.

Although TML Pascal routines are compatible with and
can link to Apple's MDS Assembler, no assembler is included

68 April 1986

with the package.
Oh, is it fast!

On the whole, TML is faster than MacAdvantage. First,
each program includes a Transfer menu item that permits you
to transfer to the next utility (e.g. Compiler to Linker)
without returning to the desktop. This is faster than Mac-
Advantage's Executive.” Although I have not completed
benchmarks, programs appear to execute faster too.

The compiler's user interface is well-designed. One nice
feature is that in addition to displaying error messages on the
screen, they are saved in a separate file for later listing and
printing by the editor. The compiler can produce a binary file
for the linker or can generate assembly language source for use
with the MDS Assembler. The compiler also has a faster
"Syntax Error Checking" mode. However, this mode does not
check for semantic errors such as procedure parameter type mis-
matches. On the whole, compiler error messages are helpful.
The compiler directives allow you to segment your program
to fit into the Mac memory and to include useful information
for the linker. The compiler generates both an object code file
(.rel) and a set of linker commands (.link) to make the linker
extremely easy to use.

A significant problem is TML's implementation of read
and readLn from the keyboard. ReadLn will not recognize
backspaces or any other error correction keys. If fact, both
read and readLn refuse to recognize that the command key
has been pressed. They input the character value for the nor-
mal character. (That is command-C is read as a C.) Option
keys work correctly as do enter and retum keys. The
backspace key does not read an ASCII value at all. Thus, you
will have to write your own read routines before you can port
a program from a different Pascal implementation.

The system worked on the sample programs as promised.
But 1 was very surprised by the semantic errors that suddenly
appeared when I shifted from Syntax checking to a real
compile! Also, if a program has more than 32 errors, compi-
lation terminates, and the error message listing file is not
saved (and has already scrolled off the screen.) I have also
bombed the linker repeatedly with System Error 02.

The biggest drawback is the lack of units. The Mac
system calls are divided into six libraries, but an entire library
must be digested into the symbol table even if only one item
is used. (MacAdvantage's ‘selective uses' feature is better in
this respect by keeping down the size of the symbol table.)
This means that if your program accidentally uses an identifier
that also appears in one of the included libraries, you will get
an "Identifier declared twice" error message. As with
MacAdvantage, you can work around this problem by
selectively pasting declarations from the library files into your
source program and linking in external routines with the {$U}
directive.

It is important to note that although TML is extremely
close to both Lisa Pascal and MacPascal, it is not fully com-
patible. Some conversion is necessary. (That is the wee

contd,

Washington Apple Pi

of next month's column.)

One severe implementation restriction is that sets can only
have 32 possible members! Thus many existing programs
that use set of char will not run under TML.

A big factor in judging a native code compiler is the
quality of the machine language produced. A few tests
indicate that although TML is not as efficient as some, it does
a reasonable job. To test this, I used the Generate Assembly
option in the compiler to see how TML treated case
statements and nested ifs. Here is what it produced: (You can
read the Pascal source program from the lines that begin with
double ;; comments.)

string format 0
;; Program NestedIf(input,output);
5» (test Nested if statement)
5 varij: integer;

xdef input
input ds.b 14
xdef output
output ds.b 14
xdef PAS$Xfer
PASS$Xfer jmp nestedif
„» begin
xdef i
i ds.b 2
xdef j
j ds.b 2
xdef nestedif
nestedif link A6,#0
jsr PAS$InitMacEnv
pea 112
pea input(AS)
pea Output(A5)
jsr PAS$CreatePWnd
» if i=l then j:=1
cmpi.w #1,1(A5)
bne.w 114
" else if i22 then j:=2
move.w $81j(A5)
jmp 115
il cmpi.w #2,1(A5)
bne.w 116
else if i=26 then j:=26
move.w #2, j(A5)
jmp 117
116 cmpi.w #26,i(A5)
bne.w 118
" else j:=0;
move.w #26,j(A5)
jmp 119
il8 clr.w j(AS)
il9
il7
il5
5 dej
; end.
move.w j(A5)i(A5)
dc.w $A9F4

Washington Apple Pi

112 String_format 2
dc.w 'nestedif'
xref PAS$InitMacEnv
xref PAS$CreatePWnd

The above listing shows the prolog and termination
routines added by the compiler for a "plain vanilla" program
that relies on TML to initialize a window, etc.

Unlike UCSD Pascal, TML does not generate a jump
table to implement a case instruction. Thus, a series of
cmpi.w and beq.w instructions are generated for each value
listed in a case instruction.

TML holds great promise, but additional work needs to be
done. In my next column, I will cover conversion between
TML and MacPascal. After that we will tackle conversion
between TML and MacAdvantage. 6

Review Corner contd. from pg 67

are more in the nature of improvements for the next version.
None of them are significant enough to prevent me from
recommending the product.

AFTERWORDS

The product list is short this month. Last month's was
incredibly long. I guess the AppleWorld conference sparked a
spate of new announcements.

I had intended to have a review of Tempo. But version 1.0
will not work properly on HFS. I just received word from
Affinity that version 1.1 should be out shortly and will work
on HFS. I will keep you posted.

New Products:

SOFTWARE -

HealthCare Communications, 245 So. 84th St, Suite
301, Lincoln, NE 68510. MacHealth Series: DentalMac.
$3500. OpticMac. $3500. Practice management, insurance and
patient processing, statement processing, patient recall and
tracking, has full merge capability with Microsoft Word and
Microsoft File.

Rubicon Publishing, 6300 La Calma Drive, Austin,
Texas 78752. Dinner At Eight. $59.95. Chefs of the Nation's
finest restaurants offer this collection of their favorite recipes,
step-by-step--from shopping list to wine list recommen-
dations. Additional data disk available: The Silver Plate Col-
lection. $ 49.95. Enhance your Dinner at Eight program with
these recipes from the renown Silver Plate Cookbook by Julee
Rosso and Shelia Lukins.

Summit Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 91, 1050 Turnpike
Street, Stoughton, MA 02072. Payroll: dbsPay. $275.
Payroll and personnel system that utilizes the Macintosh
interface. dbsForm. Payroll forms package that permits the
creation of personalized design for checks, statements,
payslips, etc. G5

April 1986 69

ACCOUNTING ON THE

MACINTOSH: Parti

This is the first of two articles reviewing accounting pack-
ages for the Macintosh. It was to have been the first of one.
Material for the reviews was received from:

Chang Labs - The General Ledger and Receivables
modules of Rags to Riches,

Sierra On-Line - The Cash Disbursements module
of MacOne Write,

Future Design Software -The General Ledger module
of Strictly Speaking, and

Digital, Etc.- Maccountant

The packages were compared by these ordered criteria:

Integrity of data - including program characteristics
and security

Performance - including statement availablity, error
handling and correction, capacity, departmental-
ization, and adherence to Macintosh charac-
teristics

Ease of leaming, including documentation

Ease of use

Vendor support

In order to make the comparisons I established on paper a
business, Laura's Lovely Laces (LLL), and endowed it with a
set of transactions typical of a small merchandising proprietor-
ship. The transactions included:

Deposit of capital, receipts and disbursements
against trade accounts, borrowing and repaying
loans, transferring funds between accounts, and
payroll including witholdings.

Recording liabilities from services provided, and
from purchases of equipment, materials for
resale, and supplies.

Cash and credit sales, with and without sales tax.

Recognizing inventory changes and depreciation.

The final step in the review process was to keep books for
LLL using each of the packages and then to evaluate them
against the criteria.

Of these packages, only Maccountant, which is reviewed
below, integrates the General Ledger (the "main" books),
Cash, Accounts Receivable, and Accounts Payable. The
others rely, or will rely, on modules for each of these func-
tions which link together to provide an accounting system.

I've discussed the lack of functional coverage with each of
the other three vendors. Chang told me that they had released
Accounts Payables and an Inventory/Sale Module, and had
updated as of January the two modules noted above. They
also sent me the whole package. I was impressed by the
earlier Chang material and am looking forward to reviewing
the integrated package. 1 will report to you next month on it.

Future Design has only released the Strictly Business
General Ledger module, but they are sending me an update
which I'll also review next month. They expect to release
Accounts Payable and Receivable in "2-3 months". Job Cost,
Inventory, Order entry, and Payroll modules are all anticipated
for "1986" release. The structure of Strictly Business is very

70 April 1986

sophisticated: 99 joumals, profit centers, and departments are
available - and it talks. How about "Read back that list
please, Mac"!

To date Sierra On-Line has only released the Cash Dis-
bursements module of MacOneWrite,which is reviewed below.
They told me that they expect to release the General Ledger
module "this month", but didn't tell me of any other plans.

Maccountant, from Digital, Etc., has had an undeserved
bad press. The version which I first examined had some prob-
lems, but I have experienced no problems with the current
release (V2.0). Vendor support has been excellent.

After entering the program, a display of icons, the Open
Book Window, is available (Fig. 1) from which you can select
the Company Folder to enter the name of your company, and
if desired two passwords allowing either unrestricted access, or
access limited to data entry and retrieval. The date defaults to
the system clock, but may be reset easily.

" é Filo Edit Functions Reports Mongh

Noncash Journal EH
T of Banks-CDJ IE
Sales/Accounts Recelvable

a Purcheses/Accounts Payoble pe

Loure's Lovely Leco Co Debi ts Credits
For the month of Jan, 1986

is ca =

Reed, t Reed, Sam, REY CPR's

Furniture $ Supplles/3O0, GON
Hoops Spentsnt Sote 0
ds Spanish@ $/5-10N30
pum m Tidy @1/Strung out
t800yds Tidy #1/3-10100 Pas? 150
35Oyds Delgian# 12/03 Lots 0° [500001
Oris Delglan?12/3-10190 — [300001 |2050/0001!

Figure 1

" é File Edit Functions enous Heln Index

sd USE UF THE HELP WINDOW kè al

SETTING UP YOUR BOOKS
DATING ENTRIES

yA) DEPARTMENTS WINDOW
ENTERING NEW ACCOUNTS [C09 Journal
MAKING ENTRIES

<= IS ITA DEBIT OR CREDIT?
NEW DATA DISK
———— 7] NEW YEAR

SPEED UP YOUR REPORTS
Chocolate breek

will be created. You may delate on Index
via the Edit Menu choice Delete o Line.
SETTING. UP UP YOUR BOOKS

First - Click the Compare F Folder icon

and enter the first month of your fiscal | 7]

Figure 2

Fig. 1 also shows the wide variety of reports that
Maccountant can generate. These do not include a Statement
of Changes in Financial Condition, but neither did any of the
other three packages. The Functions pull-down menu by

contd.

Washington Apple Pi

which the date is changed also provides account balances.
There is an on-screen help program with its own pull down
menu. The user can add items to the help menu as Laura has
done in Fig. 2.

All accounting entries in Maccountant are made from five
pre-defined journals ("books" in which the entries are first
written). Thus no balances can get into the records without
first being entered in a journal. The journals are "Cash
Receipts", "Cash Disbursments", "Sales/Accounts Receiv-
able", "Purchases/Accounts Payable" (shown open with three
others in the background in Fig. 3), and "Non Cash" (or
General). Each bank account--up to five are accommodated--
has its own Cash Receipts and Disbursements Journal. LLL
has a checking account and an insured money market account
and therefore a total of seven journals. Journals are opened
with a single click from the Open Book Window. Several
journals may be opened at the same time.

é File Edit Functions ATEO 00
; — Income Statement
Department Income

Balance Sheot
Trial Balance

Check Register
Datiy Cash Hepast

Account History
Goneral Ledgor

Accounts Recelvoble
Accounts Payable
Financial Ratios

Figure 3

Because entries are made into Journals in much the same
way that they are into a manually kept journal of the same
type, the transition from manual books is non-traumatic, if
not comfortable. Entry of the date in a journal signifies the
start of each entry. Columns are available for description,
reference, the account affected, (except for the cash journals
where cash is always on one side of the transaction), and the
amount.

The program will prompt with the amount neccessary to
complete recording transactions with multiple parts such as a
payroll check with several deductions. Posting, that is,
writing new journal entries into the principal account book, or
General Ledger, is accomplished by closing the journal. The
program will not let you close a journal if there is an entry
with no amount, or one that doesn't balance. I consider this a
positive feature of the program--others have criticized it as
"rigidity". Correction of errors is done from the pull-down
functions menu which offers restricted, easy to use choices
appropriate to the journal and transaction to be corrected.
Complete freedom to make correcting or other special entries
such as recording depreciation, or reserve for uncollectable
accounts is offered in the Noncash Journal. It would be use-
ful if non critical data such as references and descriptions were
correctable without re-entry (as is allowed in Rags to Riches).

Subsidiary accounts are well accommodated by the num-
bering system. Thus if accounts receivable is account 1050,
then customer #1 is 1050/0001; customer #2 is 1050/0002,

Washington Apple Pi

etc. Accounts Paayable are handled in the same way. Depart-
mentalization of expenses is handled in similar fashion.

Capacity on a two drive or hard disk system is large
enough to handle the needs of a small or medium business.

A serious (non-fatal) criticism I have is that the journal
entry description areas, particularly for customers in the Sales
Journal and for Vendors in the Purchases Journal is too small
to include address and other needed information. I understand
that Turbo Maccountant, a new product from Digital, pro-
vides screens for complete customer and vendor information,
as well as payroll and other improvements and refinements.
I'm anxious to get a look at it. If I get a review copy, I'll do a
follow up review of it. Unfortunately it is not an upgrade
from Maccountant, but a different product.

Learning to use Maccountant was made unneccessarily dif-
ficult by a very poor manual. It has been produced in a very
difficult-to-read type face and is also incomplete, in that it
does not tell the consequences of deviations from its proced-
ure. For example, the manual instructs the user to make a
new disk from a backup, but not that starting a new data disk
trashes all data on the disk.

Maccountant is the only package reviewed which could
export to Excel and Jazz. Export to a spreadsheet is very
useful, for instance at budget or tax times. If gussied-up
reports are desired, export to a text file is also available.

In a rating system of (E)xcellent, (G)ood, (A)cceptable,
and (U)nacceptable, I rate Maccountant an overall G. For
integrity an E, performance a G, ease of leaming an A ( the
manual), ease of use a G, and Vendor support an E.
Maccountant lists for $150. The Software Specialist, Wash-
ington and Tyson's Corner, has agreed to sell any of the
packages to Pi members at reduced prices. For Maccountant,
that is $114. Turbo Maccountant lists for $495, and is
available at The Software Specialist for $369.

MacOneWrite is strictly a cash recipts and disburse- ments
journal. It has little or no utility as a general accouting
system except to small cash-basis businesses. The package is
very easy to learn, and use and the documentation is good.

" é File Edit Checks Doing Reports Options Year

TERRE
L DE rest Falls, va 22008 | | l AA B mak i
iur em a n trem mm

Bank of Back] fai n D Sf ii

a Wim vpn xdi 6: t qr 21 A

matant moniman nn AT
Accoun

O aT [
Eu ECT MEE LT EA

Ja lu

When the program is opened, a convincing representation
of a One-write pegbord system fills the screen, check in place,
ready for "one-writing" (Fig. 4). MacOneWirite presumes the
use of computer printed checks, but does allow for hand
written checks. With computer printed checks, it provides for

contd. on pg 58

April 1986 71

WORKING WITH A 512K MAC AND A

SINGLE DISK DRIVE
by Lloyd B. Swift

Believe it or not there are still some of us out here who
have a 512K Mac but haven't gotten even an external disk
drive, let alone a hard disk or a Macintosh Plus! If you are in
that category, this article is for you. If you're not in that
category, this article may be for you anyway, since it has to
do with using big Systems and Ramdisks and such, which
could be helpful even if you have a second drive. (I think--
since I don't have a drive, I'm not sure.)

The problems with a single drive are:

* Too little space on a 400K disk to put on an application
plus all the fonts you'd like to use.

* Too many disk swaps.

e Too much time involved in moving from one applica-
tion to another (without using the Switcher).

I'll suggest solutions to all three by describing what I do.
You may have a better way--if you do, write it up for all of
us.

I have a startup or "System" disk which has a System file
(339K) with all the fonts I ever expect to need for whatever
job I'm going to do. Also on that disk I have set up an
"empty" Ramdisk of 220K (big enough to hold, say,
MacPaint plus Microsoft Word but still leaving enough RAM
for printing, etc.) There is 57K of available disk space.

At present I have on this system the following fonts:
Athens 18; Bostonll 9,10,12,14,18,20,24; Minibostonll 12,
24; Cairo 18: Cartoon 12; Chicago 12,18,24; Dallas 12;
DoverPS 12; Geneva 9,10,12,14,18,20,24; Greenbay 18;
Istanbul 12,24 (this is font which is like Geneva but writes
Turkish); London 18; Monoaco 9,12; pica 12; Saigon 18,24;
Ultra 12,24; and Venice 14. I won't bore you with explana-
tions of why these particular fonts--each of us has his
favorites, no doubt.

Additionally I have disks with smaller systems, single
applications--such as Dollars & Sense, MSBasic, Microsoft
Chart, MacDraw and MacProject--and various sizes of
Ramdisks on them as well as what I call my "Word
Processing Disk" with MacPaint, MacWrite, Microsoft Word
and Ready-Set-Go on it, but no System.

When I have a sizeable job to do--let's say I want to work
on my Memoirs using Microsoft Word--l first boot my
startup disk, When the Finder comes on showing that disk
and the Ramdisk, I eject the startup disk and put in my Word
Processing disk, drag Microsoft Word into the Ramdisk and
open it. If I want to work on a chapter already started, I put
the Memoirs data disk in, drag the current chapter into the
Ramdisk and open it (instead of Word). Mac asks me to put
back the startup disk, which I do. I've gone through three or
four disk swaps (depending on whether I had to go get an
existing document) but I now have all those fonts available to
use with Word. The Ramdisk gives me great speed. Any
documents I edit or create I save in the Ramdisk. Saving to
the Ramdisk is very fast, but, of course, you need to save to a
real disk from time to time to avoid loss. Until then, I won't
have another disk swap.

If all I want to do is write a letter, of course, I don't go to
that trouble. Rather I boot a disk with a smaller system
(fewer fonts), MacWrite, and an empty Ramdisk. Why the

72 April 1986

Ramdisk? Because if I create a document of some size and
want to transfer it to a separate data disk (say a letterfile disk),
and I put the data disk in and drag this document out of my
application disk, Z get requests for several disk swaps. If I
store the document in the Ramdisk, all I do when I'm finished
is kick out the application disk, put in the data disk and drag
the document out of the Ramdisk into the data disk. It
transfers fast without swaps, no matter the size.

Be careful! If you have a Ramdisk on the machine, use it!
If you try to transfer documents between disks without using
the Ramdisk when there is a Ramdisk resident, you'll get
many, many disk swap requests because of reduced RAM size!
I have a big sign over my computer desk reading, "Put it in
the Ramdisk!"

Now, if I know that I'm going to need to draw some
pictures with MacPaint and put them into a document in
MacWrite or MSWord, I drag both applications from my word
processing disk onto the Ramdisk. Changing from one to
another through the finder isn't as quick as with the Switcher,
but it is pretty fast. (The Switcher plus two appli- cations is
too big for the Ramdisk.) With both MacPaint and MacWrite
in the Ramdisk, it takes me 36 seconds to quit MacPaint,
open MacWrite and paste a picture. Going the other way it
takes 24 seconds to quit MacWrite, open Mac- Paint and
paste. To paste a MacPaint document into Word takes a little
longer (40 seconds) because Word is bigger. If I'm working
on a newsletter page, I can save, for example, this document
(7K) as text only, go through the Finder to Ready-Set-Go and
paste the text into a block in one minute. And I still have all
those fonts, sizes and styles to doll up my newsletter with!

By using these techniques, I minimize disk swaps, have
all the fonts I can possibly need available with any
application, and can move from one application to another as
quickly as is possible without using the Switcher. C5

Disk Conversion

Apple to IBM and Back
Over 90 formats
3-day turnaround

Manuscripts transmitted

at 2400 Baud to Typesetters

RAEDATA, Inc.

7411 Riggs Road # 104
Adelphi, MD 20783
301 439-1799

Washington Apple Pi

Mac Hardware

Thunderscan

BOB MASSO ON 02/05 TO ALL

The announcement re Thunderscan upgrade to handle the new
Mac+ without the DC voltage lines: To use a Thunderscan
with a Mac+ you will need to connect a plug-in power supply
which goes between the Mac+ and TScan and "fills-in" the
missing +5/+12 volts. The TScan Co.is working on it, and
it will be out REAL SOON NOW, I imagine once you can
get these jobbers, you could also use them to fix the same
problem with other hardware which uses those lines on the
serial ports to get their power.

Mouse Problem

CHARLES TURNER ON 02/06 TO RICH NORLING

Rich, my mouse also failed on a different Mac at Clinton
Computer repair. The problem seemed to be electronic rather
than mechanical because it got worse with time as the circuits
warm up. New mouse $60 with trade in. No WAP discount
on replacement items. New one works fine and has a crisper
feel than my old one that I've had for two years. Thanks for
the note.

Print Head Fi
KEITH BLAIR ON 02/13 TO JOHN MARKEY/ALL

John, I had a similar problem on another printer. What had
happened was some of the paper (1 didn't know to use good
paper then) had wedged itself into the wires. I went to Cox
Electronics in Odenton, and they sold me some spray that is
specially made for cleaning VCR heads. The spray comes out
as a heavy mist and penetrated deep into the head forcing
everything out. As a side effect it also forces out any and all
lubrication and nearly instantly dries. 1 don't know about your
printer, but this worked fine for me. I just made sure that none
of the stuff went anywhere else that would be hard to lubri-
cate. I'm sure any good electronics store would carry some-
thing similar.

Musical Dri
TOM VIER ON 02/18 TO ALL

Anyone here had their drives sing to them in high pitched
whine while spinning?

STEPHEN C. WARREN ON 02/19 TO TOM VIER

I've noticed some peculiar noises, but the most impressive
tune my drives have come up with reminded me of Cheap
Trick, Twisted Sister, AC/DC, and Kiss coming together for
one big concert.... Wait, there was the time I thought I heard
"Sunshine on my Shoulder”.... Never mind!

KEITH BLAIR ON 02/23 TO TOM VIER

Yes!! I've had my internal and external drives do it to me. The
occurences seem to be few and far between though. The one
program I noticed it the most was a utility called ‘Patch Disk".
Any other times it just squeals for a second or two and quits. ]
haven't lost any data or applications yet...knock on wood. At
least I'm not the only one this has happened to.

Washington Apple Pi

Mac Software

Flight Simulat
COREY ZIMMERMAN ON 02/10 TO ALL

In the back of the latest issue of Macazine they mentioned a
new program from SubLogic called Flight Simulator. Is this
a MAC version of the famous game used by the world on
IBM PC's? I hope so. I would appreciate any comments or
descriptions that anyone has.

RICK STICKLE ON 02/10 TO COREY ZIMMERMAN
Corey, yes this is a Mac version of the PC game. A call to
SubLogic revealed that it will be marketed by Microsoft and
should be coming out in March. I couldn't get a price.

Graphing

KEITH BLAIR ON 02/12 TO ALL

I am looking for a program that will graph a function of up to
3 dimensions and is fairly simple to use - that is, the function
can be entered directly without having to define every variable.
I am hoping to be able to solve some differential equations
and to find relative maximum and minimum pts. I haven't
seen anything commercially and would like to know if there is
anything in public domain. Thank you.

KEVIN NEALON ON 02/26 TO KEITH BLAIR

I have StatWorks and can highly recommend it as a good sta-
tistics program. It is capable of 3D graphs, and you can input
the data directly or a text file using tabs to separate fields and
a CR to separate records. It is also very inexpensive.

Two Questions

JAMES B. REESE ON 02/20 TO ALL

Does anyone know:1. Does the new driver for the Imagewriter
II printer offer any advantages to the owner of the original
Imagewriter? 2. Exactly how does MacDraw 1.9 differ from
the original release? What bugs were fixed? Any information
will be appreciated.

KEVIN NEALON ON 02/26 TO JAMES B. REESE

I have the ImageWriter II Driver. But I have been having
problems using it with the software I have. I have even had
trouble when I used it on an ImageWniter II. Mind you I have
v2.0 of the driver, and I understand there is a newer version.
I'm afraid I can't help you with the MacDraw upgrade.

Mac Misc. & Gossip

Mac Tech Notes
TOM WARRICK ON 02/09 TO JASON DELOOZE

Be aware that the Tech Notes on MacWrite file formats do not
conform to reality. In other words, the Tech Notes are
(shudder!) wrong!

Inside Macintos]
JAMES B. REESE ON 02/09 TO ALL

The final (?) printed versions of Inside Macintosh are now
available at B. Dalton bookstores. I have seen them at both
Springfield Mall and Seven Comers Mall. Inside Macintosh
comes in three volumes printed on high-quality 8.5 by 11
inch paper with paper covers. Volumes I and II are $24.95,

April 1986 73

and Volume INI is $19.95. The contents are similar to the
"phone book" version.

Macs
JIM RHODES ON 02/21 TO ALL
Can a Macintosh wreck a nice beach?

JOHN MARKEY ON 02/24 TO JIM RHODES
Pair halves Macintosh canned wreck a nice beach, butt knot
because of a cinder sized axe scent!

Telecommunications

Downloading Pit Fil
BRUCE ST. GERMAIN ON 01/27 TO ALL

Having trouble downloading files labeled XXX.pit. Most
recent was downloading pool.pit CompuServe. Apparently it
is two packed files if I understand the description correctly, but
it bombs after the first is downloaded. What I received is one
text file. What do I need to convert what I have, and what do I
have to do to download the entire file? I was downloading
using XMODEM with Red Ryder.

BOB MASSO ON 02/05 TO BRUCE ST. GERMAIN

Bruce, I think you don't quite understand what a .PIT file is.
There is a software application on the Mac called PACKIT
which allows you to bundle/unbundle several files into one
file for up/downloads. This allows someone to merge an
application with any accompanying documentation or datafiles
so that it can be sent and stored as a single file. Then after
downloading, you run PACKIT and re-constitute the indi-
vidual files on your Mac. What you need to do is get the
PACKIT application & run it. OK?

Red Ryder and CRC

CHARLES TURNER ON 02/06 TO REGINA LITMAN
What have you observed, or heard, the problem to be? Is it
with transmission or errors with the resulting file or
something else?

REGINA LITMAN ON 02/10 TO CHARLES TURNER

The problem seems to be that when Red Ryder misses a NAK
or ACK due to line noise or some other problem, it keeps
asking for a resend. This loop continues until someone
manually aborts the transfer. This request for a resend is on
the same block, over and over.

CHARLES TURNER ON 02/12 TO REGINA LITMAN
Thanks for your reply; have you, or anyone else out there,
been in touch with Scott Watson's BBS about this? So often
we assume someone else has reported a problem, especially
when any single person may rarely experience it.

REGINA LITMAN ON 02/22 TO CHARLES TURNER
From what I hear, Scott Watson has finally admitted there is a
problem with XMODEM using Red Ryder 7.0. Version 8.0
is due Out in the next week or so.

JIM RHODES ON 02/06 TO REGINA LITMAN
I've been using RR7 on a RBBS with CRC with no
problems. You can also tum CRC off with RR7 easily.

REGINA LITMAN ON 02/10 TO JIM RHODES
No it's not true that you can turn CRC off easily with RR7.
Although there's a menu option to do this, it doesn't work.

74 April 1986

When I tried it on Jeff Davis' Falcon BBS, which uses the
new version of Mouse Exchange that supports CRC, I found
that I got an error right away. An unrecoverable error, it
appeared to be. It gave the first block a large (in absolute
terms) negative number. With FreeTerm 1.8, on the other
hand, there is an option to tum off CRC, and this one works.

BOB MASSO ON 02/06 TO CHARLES TURNER

Charles, the RR vs. CRC problem is in the transmission. It
is apparently a problem with handling of timing. The
symptoms are that after a random amount of time, your Mac
will freeze up. This must result during an error-handling
sequence (because of the randomness). Anyhow the Mac just
keeps asking for the block but can't get it and goes into an
endless loop. This occurred ANYTIME I saw an error occur.
As a result I now use FreeTerm 1.8 to talk to download BBS's
with this version of CRC and can only use my Red Ryder
neato-torpedo features for the remainder. Oh well. PS- -
Anyone out there using Red Ryder who HASN'T PAID FOR
IT? This is probably THE best piece of shareware out on the
market. A LOT of programmers who wrote short utilities as
shareware felt burned when they saw their software being used
but never paid for. Personally 1 think you are foolish to
market as shareware something which will only be used once
or twice in a year at best, as many of these were. But the
stuff I can use daily (Red, MockWrite, QuickPrint, etc.) I paid
for. I couldn't stand the guilt trip for those, but something to
print out a Font table is used so infrequently that the line
between trial-use and unpaid-use is not as obvious to the user.
Anyhow, what I am leading up to is that the Try-Before- You-
Buy concept of shareware is something which, if used by a lot
of programmers, would really help the success (& usefulness)
of our machines. BUT IT HAS TO BE SUPPORTED BY
US! Right now a lot of former-shareware programmers have
already declared that it is unprofitable, that only (fill in the
blank) percent of people who use the software bother to pay
for it. I would like us to prove them wrong. So if you find
you are using a shareware-application or DA all the time- -
PLEASE please PLEASE pay. Nuff said.

CHARLES TURNER ON 02/12 TO BOB MASSO
Thanks for your description of the RR/CRC problem. Now I
can at least recognize it, even if I can't prevent it.

JIM RHODES ON 02/14 TO ALL

I've had no problems using RR7.0 to download or upload.
I'm using a 128K Mac and a Prentice PopComm modem. I
also always use the Slow Timeout option as suggested by
SYSOP Paul Heller of "Twilight Clone" as a way to avoid
the CRC problem. I got my RR7.0 direct from Scott, the
writer of it. Maybe someone's defective copy has been
spreading. Mine was uploaded to "Twilight Clone" in Rock-
ville, 946-8838.

1200 Baud for $140!

GEORGE KINAL ON 02/13 TO ALL

This is not a testimonial or recommendation. However, the
Volks mini modem is now being advertised for $140 mail
order. It is a manual dial, auto answer 300/1200 baud modem.
I also note that DAK is advertising their 1200 baud "Smart
Duck" in the CompuServe "ONLINE Today" magazine for
$169. This is the Prometheus Promodem 1200 with an
"ADC" (a BSR subsidiary) case/label. By next year, they'll be
giving them away in cereal boxes!

contd.

Washington Apple Pi

Smart Duck 1200

KEITH BLAIR ON 02/13 TO GEORGE KINAL

To all, I ordered and am happily using the 1200 baud "Smart
Duck” by ADC. I had to make my own Mac cable with the
help of Lynn Trusal, who told me that it has the same pin
connections as a Hayes modem. Surprisingly enough, one of
the hardest parts of making a cable is finding the 9-pin male
connector required for the Mac. 3 Radio Shacks were sold out
in my area, but fortunately one was lying around at work. 1
wonder if everyone is buying them so they can mate their
current peripherals to the Mac+. Oh well, anyhow the modem
is great and works with Red Ryder and MacTerminal.

STEPHEN C. WARREN ON 02/24 TO KEITH BLAIR

This all sounds too good to be true! Since I am not a Source
or CompuServe subscriber, how can I order this Smart Duck?
Complete address and ordering phone number would be appre-
ciated.

KEITH BLAIR ON 02/25 TO STEPHEN C. WARREN
Stephen, call 1-800-423-2866, and you will get an operator
who seems to take calls for many assorted companies, and you
will have to know exactly what you want. You will want a
"1200 baud Smart Duck ADC'. They will also ask for an ad
# which I have forgotten. Fear not, it is in the Dec. 85 WAP
Journal at the very end of the article titled '$175 1200 Baud
Modem’. You must have this # to place the order. I'll have
to hunt for it, and I'll post it this Thursday night, assuming I
can log on.

Mac+ and Comm Soft
xd ES ON 02/17 TO ALL
Le i-re about pe to do if you get a Mac+ and can't
M until: 8.0 comes out? : “MockTerminal doesn't
files, . SmartComm I don't have.

BOB MASSO ON 02/23 TO JIM RHODES
Do you know if FreeTerm 1.8 will run OK?

JIM RHODES ON 02/23 TO BOB MASSO
No, I don't, but Marty Milrod seems to think it might.
Maybe you'd like to check with him.

Games & Gamesig

Orbiter

RONALD WARTOW ON 02/05 TO RICK STICKLE

Rick, 1 wonder what must be going through the Spectrum
Holobyte people's minds in view of the Shuttle tragedy. We
all know what happens when any flight simulator on a
computer is not well "play

RICK STICKLE ON 02/05 TO RONALD WARTOW

When I called them I really didn't want to ask how they felt
about the accident. 1 do know that quite a few of the beta
testers that were picked (like me) work for NASA. They said
that they did this to get better feedback on the accuracy of the
program and the payloads they are simulating. In a way the
delay is good for us because as you can realize, if the betas had
been received last week, a great number of the testers would
not have had the proper time to test it.

Games in Stock

MICHAEL DROLET ON 02/09 TO ALL

I was in Family Computers in Fair Oaks Mall today. They
had 45 games for the Mac in stock, Best selection I've seen

Washington Apple Pi

anywhere outside of mail order houses. List price naturally.

Brataccas

RONALD WARTOW ON 02/25 TO ALL

Requires 512K Macintosh. State-of-the-art game. Appears to
be an adventure game but not like anything I've seen before.
Seems to be entirely mouse-run. There could be some role-
playing aspects, but it's hard to tell the documentation. This
is a review copy, so any GAMESIG'ers out there with FAT
MACS, come to next meeting, and you'll get a shot at
reviewing this.

Mac Programming

TOM PARRISH ON 01/12 TO ALL

Your SYSOP has finally come to life! Does anyone know
the true story with regard to Apple's MDS (as well as TML
Pascal and Consulair C) working with the HFS/Hard Disk 20?
The general problem is that nothing works quite right; a
specific problem is that the Linker doesn't seem to work at
all, All problems appear to be due to the programs not using
HFS file manager commands correctly.

RICH NORLING ON 02/04 TO TOM PARRISH

Yep, the problem is that the authors of Edit, Linker, and
RMaker seem to have ignored Apple's warnings about using
the file system correctly. They seem to work OK if you put
them all and their data files in the volume directory (the first
window) instead of burying them inside a folder. Some day
maybe everyone will listen when Apple Tech Support speaks.

Finder S./LAYO
TIM BUEHRER ON 02/09 TO ALL

For a good time use ResEdit 1.0D4 or greater to modify the
new LAYO resource in Finder 5.1. By modifying the
parameters of that resource you can drastically change the
layout of the finder desktop. For instance, by changing the
icon vertical phase you can easily stagger the position of
icons within a window. By changing the font sizes and the
height of the bottom line you can use 24-point Los Angeles
type as the default type font on the desktop (this does not
affect the use of Chicago as the system font). Have fun.

HES

TOM WARRICK ON 02/09 TO JIM RHODES

The new ROM upgrade works with 800K disks, which are
supposed to be HFS only (although there is a way around
this). The ROM allows HFS or MFS disks. Don't know
about RAMdisks.

TIM BUEHRER ON 02/11 TO TOM WARRICK

But Tom, the question seems to be whether there will still be
problems on the Plus if you run an MFS disk. While most
of the disk problems should be cured (for instance, the
problem with Word not finding the glossary); others will still
exist, like the problem with the immediate bit in the mock
desk accessories. Similarly there is the odd problem of RR
7.0 on the Plus that does not show up on RAM-based HFS.
Interesting problems, no?

ELABORATION OF AN ITEM WHICH

APPEARED IN LAST MONTH'S COLUMN:

In last month's "Best of the Mac Items - UBBS" column, I

inserted an item in which someone described a problem he had

in Opening MacWrite documents on recently-purchased
contd. on pg 58

April 1986 75

MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY

by Dana J. Schwartz

The next edition of the Washington Apple Pi Membership
Directory will be published in the next few months. There
will be over 4700 names listed, and with such a large number
there are bound to be some unavoidable errors. In order to
catch some of these problems before publication, we are
listing below the WAP membership numbers of those
members who will not be included. The list includes new
member numbers up to #8250, and information received (via
renewals and other communcations) in our office as of
February 22, 1986. An asterisk (*) to the right of the number
indicates that you have given us permission to publish your
information in the directory but did not give a telephone
number, If you want to be included you must supply a
telphone number.

0027 0543
0054 0620
0059
0094
0144
0186
0187
0207
0233
0234
0250
0284
0314
0328
0372
0429
0450
0451
0455
0475
0486

2736
2832
2898
3042
3096 3512
3106 3568
3112* 3569
3124 3600
3175 3619
3186 3621
3197 3648
3215 3655
2217 3235 3737
2260 3254 3820
2296* 3312 3854
2321 3319 3863
2392 3320 3895
2421 3344 3904
2462 3353* 3915 4577
2476 3371 3940 4587
2575 3380 3969* 4589
2618 3398 4008 4603
2619 3440 4061 4618

4646
4649
4650
4672
4674
4702*
4703
4751
4759
4787
4791
4802
4833
4881
4899
4938
4977
4987
5005
5009
5016
5034
5046

5060
5062
5076
5079
5103
5121
5126

1134
1181
1298
1313
1340
1406
1425
1469
1530
1534
1556
1588
1611
1718
1723
1725
1730
1759
1778
1801
1043 1820
1065* 1876
1128 1881

1898
1920
1922
1938
1947
1965
2005
2065
2088
2099
2159
2196

3453
3475
3477
3511

4092
4133
4157
4230
4239
4244
4258
4379
4395
4429
4438
4445
4481
4525
4556
4558
4564
4569

5228

0503

5144*

5697
5738
5744
5758
5789
5810
5823
5835
5839
5870
5875
5883

5895
5901
5933
5945
5963
5992
5998
6018
6020
6024

April

The Directory will include ONLY the following infor-
mation: first and last name, home phone number, city and
zipcode. There will be two lists, one sorted alphabetically and
the other sorted by zipcode. The Directory will be distributed
only to those persons who have given WAP permission to
include their names. There will be a nominal cost for the
Directory (to cover printing costs), and details of pre-ordering
will be included in next month's Journal.

If the information below is incorrect, or if you wish to
change your directions to the club, please fill out and return
the form in the back of this issue. Changes and corrections
MUST be received in the WAP office no later than April 27.
Information arriving after that date will not be included in this
edition of the Directory.

6064 6462 6781 7006
6092 6475 6806 7008
6124 6480 6817 7013
6141 6481 6839 7038
6180 6485 6851 7040
6247 6486 6852 7041
6256 6490 6872 7047
6258 6502 6875 7087
6266 6544 6884 7103
6268 6545 6901* 7120
6291 6552 6915 7121
6294 6567 6918 7134
6334 6577 6928 7145
6339 6586 6929 7147
6356 6600 6939 7154
6368 6656 6942 7160
6373 6659 6945 7187
6380 6672 6949 7195
6400 6685 6962 7200
6407 6722 6963 7224
6420 6729 6984 7230
6440 6752 6996 7270
6454 6780* 7004* 7271

7215
7289
7290
7293
7297
7299
7307
7318
7336
7339
7340
7342
7354
7365
7374
7381
7400
7424
7439
7451
7453
7468
7484

7489
7494
7498
7504
7535
7552
7553
7559
7582
7587
7605
7606
7615
7635* 7874
7636 7876
7652 7888
7656 7895
7662 7905
7677 7911
7700 7918
7737 7942
7738 7960
7750 7962

7756
7160
7778
7782
7185

8206
8207
8209
8210
8221
8225
8235

7970
7971
7972
7978
7984
7985
7993
7994
8007
8008
8035
8057
8058
8071
8084
8098*
8135
8137
8155
8169
8174
8187
8200

1986 Washington Apple Pi

DISKETERIA DISPATCH -

We have three new disks this month in the Eamon adven-
ture series and two new SigMac disks. ProDOS Disk /WAP
801 PROCMD (The Commander) has been withdrawn from
our disketeria at the request of the author.

Disk 227 is Death's Gateway, by Bob Linden. During the
night of the last full moon Locus, the blacksmith,
disappeared. Red-eye, the town drunk, relates that he saw
Locus lifted into the sky. Laughter greeted this crazy tale.
However, your search of the smiths shop uncovers a map...
Following clues on it you find yourself at the ruins of a castle
keep. Searching the ruin you stumble across the burned body
of Locus. Nearby is a stairs going down into the bowels of
the earth. You take it from there!

Disk 228 is Escape from Orc's Lair, by Jay Hink- leman.
You are feeling great as you stride down a dark alley. You
feel so energetic that you hardly notice that a gang of Orcs is
following your trail. A club crunches down on your skull.
The gang takes you home (their's not your's) and you awake
in a dark cell to overhear fragments of a conversation-- #1 we
have nearly enough hostages... #2 hope we get enough
ransom to... you lapse back into dreamworld. Later you wake
up to find the cell has no exit. Must get out to wam the
Guild. But how?

Disk 229 is The City in the Clouds, by Evan Hodson.
Based on the theme;of Star Wars after the destruction of Death
World, you have partly finished training with Yoder. As you
prepare to leave he concludes with "you must find your way
back to your own world, I do not have all the answers."

More material for the Apple // is on the way for next
month.

The descriptions of the following SigMac disks are taken
from the notes of Tony Anderson as submitted by Dave
Weikert.

SigMac Disk 35: Fun and Games III

Kick off your shoes. Grab a diet Coke. Turn on the
answering machine and get ready for some serious Mac-
Gaming. You are about to discover some of the best games
available for the Macintosh anywhere. Be a pinball wizard
with PSC Player, or get behind the eight ball with Billiard
Parlour. Play the favorite sport of the informa- tion age,
Silicon Volleyball or play one of the solitaire games of an
earlier age, canfield.

Silicon Volleyball (by R.Malissa) This is a version of a
game ATARI made popular in its heyday. At that time it was
called Breakout.

canfield (by Michael A. Casteel) A delightful version of a
popular solitaire game. Highly detailed graphics of the cards,
music, and an excellent user interface combine to make this a
very addictive application.

Bomber This program does not qualify as a game but it
sure can be fun. It is a rewrite of an early Microsoft Basic
program. This one is a compiled version of the same idea.

Washington Apple Pi

Make this the start-up application on a disk and watch as you
ask some unsuspecting MacUser to boot it up. I don't want
to spoil the fun by telling you what it does, but to avoid
rebooting the system remember to click on the RESUME
button.

n :
Billiard Parlour (by R.Crandall, S. Gillespie, S.Lew)
This is an incredible simulation of a Billiard Table. You can
play a whole menu full of different games. The game itself is
great but in addition there is detailed information in it about
how it was developed. This application is an example of what
can be done with a new Macintosh programming language
called Rascal.

Billiard Parlour.Help This is the file containing the text
for the help command built into Billiard Parlour.

In the Pinball Player Folder:

PCS Player (by Bob Upshaw, Bill Budge) PCS is short
for Pinball Construction Set. PCS is a program by one of
the best-known Apple // programmers of them all, Bill Budge.
PCS had a graphic interface with many of the Macin- tosh-
like concepts long before the Mac existed. Needless to say
PCS is right at home on the Macintosh. Using PCS you can
create just about any pinball game you can dream up. You
need the complete Pinball Construction Set to create original
games, but with PCS Player you can give copies of your
favorite creations to friends (or submit them to the WAP
Library) without their being required to purchase the complete
PCS.

SAMURAI a PCS pinball game.

SAMURAI.MP a MacPaint file used by PSC for the
Samurai background.

Twilight Zone a PCS pinball game.

Twilight Zone.MP a MacPaint file used by PSC for the
Twilight Zone background.

SigMac Disk 36: Utilities III

Utilities! You want utilities? Have we got utilities! We
got your basic Disk Librarian utility. We got your Scrolling
Menu utility. What? You say you think you're losing your
memory? Well here's just the thing. It'll check every nook
and cranny of your ram till the cows come home. Oh you
mean your biological memory. Well, I can't help you there.
How about an application compactor instead?

FatDisk Init (by Micro Analyst) This routine will format
a 400K disk with less than the normal amount of space
allocated to the storage of the directory. By doing this you get
about 5K more usable space on a disk.

Lister (by J Pitts Jarvis III, and Brian Bechtel) A nice
little print formatter for ASCII files. Those are files created
by a number of text editors or documents from MacWrite
saved with the text only option used. It paginates the text,
places a time and date header on each file and prints a nice
border around the text.

April 1986 77

SuperCopy (by Ron Gibb) Will allow you to make a
backup copy of some of your protected software. This is only
for the copying of software for which you have a license.

Memory A very thorough memory test routine.

Living Art Sort of a utility for the mind. Just click the
mouse to return to the desktop.

In the Disk Librarian Folder:

Disk Librarian (by Little Bit) Finally get a handle on all
those disks. This utility will read the directory on a disk and
keep a little database of your collection. Now if you could
only get labels on those disks.

Librarian Doc (by Little Bit) How to use Disk Librar-
ian.

In the System Modifiers Folder:

Autocursor (by Kevin Mitchell) Modifies the system files
so that any wait of more than about half a second will cause
the arrow pointer to change to the watch.

BigCursor Sets the arrow cursor to double in size to 32 X
32 points.

MacWait Quite amusing. Try this in combination with
BigCursor.

JClock (by James T. Sulzen) Displays the time on the
menu bar at the top of the Mac's screen. It remains there even
when you start an application.

Scrolling Menu Installer (by Michael C. O'Connor) Now
have as many fonts on the disk as you need. If there are more
than can normally be displayed, just pull down to the bottom
of the list and the others will scroll into view.

PRAM (by Ken Winograd) The Mac's clock chip also
contains some memory. This memory is call Parameter Ram.
Use this utility to view the memory and change it.

KeyBoard 0.1 (by Loftus E. Becker) Change any key to
produce any character.

Change Application Font (by Loftus E. Becker) Does
what it says. The application font is used by the finder for
titles. Now you can have a choice.

In the Launch Folder:

Launch Launch allows you to create a disk that will
automatically start up in an application with a specific docu-
ment loaded. Now you can start up MacWrite with a
document already loaded. Do not start this application before
reading the documentation. Without properly named
documents on the same disk as this application it will
bomb.

Launch Documentation The instructions for the above.

In the File Handlers Folder:

Compact (by Steve Brecher) Compress application files
to save space.

The Encoder/Decoder (by Micro Technology) A
compression routine that works on any Macintosh file but the
file must be decompressed before it can be used.

TabUtil (by Chet J. Graham) This routine allows the user
to convert tabs to spaces and vice versa.

Inthe WayStation Folder:

WayStation 1.9B (by Steve Brecher) Similar to the
MiniFinder. Save space on a disk by replacing the finder with
WayStation.

WayStation Documentation (by Steve Brecher) The
instructions for WayStation. Gi}

78 April 1986

INDEX TO ADVERTISERS

All Hours Consultants . . . . . . . . . . 15
Anderson Jacobson . . . . . . . . Back Cover
Clinton Computer Center... . . . . Aa. 4
Computer Den Ltd. ...... va doe ous 65
Computer Service Center. . . . . . . . . à
Computer Ware Unlimited . . . . . . oo. 41

Dynamic Microsystems, Inc . . . . . . . . 39
Landmark Computer Laboratories . . . . . 59
MacCorner . . . au . . . . . o . Inside Back
Operant Systems . . sw w a . e e w so 25
PC Resources ..... E A dU ls ee Se dd
Káédata, TACs: wi vètè ja fè Sè. kk OX d fe cw MÉ
The SOURCE . . . . . . . . . o Inside Front
TIC Computer Camp . . « au . . . © . . © . 10
Tysons Corner Center . . . . .. .. . . 2l
VF Associates . . . . . pow Ji ea as ft SÈ jik Ge

INDEX TO AUTHORS

Barnes, Alexander .... 42
Bedrick, Barry . . . . . . 22
Begleiter, Ralph J... . 52
Billingsley, Amy T . . . . 13
Blazina, David . . . . . . 24
Bollar, Richard ..... 22
Burger, James M. . . . . . 66
Condren, J... . . . . . 44
Field, Bruce F . . . . . +. 16
Funk, Paul E. . . . . . . 46

Hancock, Chris ...... 23
Hardis, Jonathan E . . . . 48
Harvey, Dave... .

Hartman, Michael ..... 39
Hertzfeld, Henry R... . 32
Kinal, George .. p
Klugewtcz, Chris ..... 40
Kuhn, Martin . . . . . . . 45
Lanford, Jim . . . . . . . 64

Levine, Boris . . . . . + 19
Litman, Regina . . . . . . 73
Little, Jim . 33x 17

Morganstein, David .54,59, 60
Myerson, Ed . . . .. . . 70
Nealon, Kevin . . . . . . 13
Ottalini, David . . . 14, 15
Page, Chester H. . . . . . 34

Payne, Steven . . . . . . 23
Platt, Robert C. ..... 68
Preston, John. . . . an. 13
Raesly, Leon H . . . . . . 26
Schwartz, Dana J... .. 76
Swift, Lloyd B. . . ...71
Mal, VAY a es 18

Trusal, lyann R . . . ... 62
Warrick, TOM . . . . . . . 4
Youell, Adrien , . . . .8, 28

Washington Apple Pi

WASHINGTON APPLE PI DISKETERIA MAIL ORDER FORM
Software for Creative Living

This form is only for ordering disks that you want mailed to you. l

$ 1/4" DISKETTES: - Members $ 5.00 cach; Non-members $ 8.00 cach, Plus $1.00 cach postage up to a maximum of $ 5.00.
3 12" DISKETTES: - Members $ 6.00 cach; Non-members $ 9.00 each, Plus $1.00 cach postage up to a maximum of $ 5.00.
A $1.00 per disk discount on the above prices is offered for orders of 5 or more disks. Postage remains as above.

DOS 3.3 contd. Eamon contd.

DOS 3.3 Volumes
41 IAC 25 Mach.Lang. Util.

42 One Key DOS **

43 IAC 29 Utilities H

44 Utilities ]

45 Diversi-Copy *** |
46 French Vocab. Tutorial
47 Tic-Tac-Toc in French
48 Boot for l'Hote

49 l'Hote Story

50 l'Hote Quiz
51 French say Tutorial
52 Apollinaire Biography

53 Albert Camus Intervicw

54 Tic-Tac-Toe in Spanish
55 Rafel-boot

56 Rafel

57 Rafel Quiz

58 Matute
59 Lo Fatal
Audio Tape

70 Business/Math/Statstic.
Music

72 Keyboard Games

73 Text Adventure Games

74 Paddle Games

75 Color Graphics for Fun

76 Education

77 Utilitics

90 Spreadsheet C Gen. Bus.
91 Spreadshect D Investmt.
92 Secor ne E Bus. Rec.
a

isiPlot & VisiTrend
ALCULINK ***
100 Utilities A
101 Utilitics B
102 Games A
104 Business A
106 Science Engineering
107 Games B
108 IAC 10 renee)
109 IAC 11(Applesoft Tutr)
110 Personal/Education

l
115 TAC 12/13 Misc.

116 IAC 14 Micromodemill
117 Picture Packer

it Utilities D

122 IAC 17 Misc.

123 French Vocabulary
124 Utilities E

125 JAC 18 Misc.

126 Sights and Sounds
127 Math/Science

128 Games D

129 GLAQ

130 Diversi-DOS ***
131 Personal/Educ. 2
132 IAC 19-Utilities F

1; French Voc.
Audio Tape 2: Spanish Voc.

135 WAPABBS1.1 Disk 1**
136 WAPABBSI.1 Disk 2**

137 IAC 21 Spreadsheet A
138 IAC 23 Utilities G
139 IAC 24 Education 3
140 Education 4

141 Special Data Bases
142 IAC 28 Pinball Games
143 =e

144 J
145 Apple Logo Tool Kit
146 Logo Documentation

150 EDSIG1 (Elem. Math
151 1983 Tax Template
152 IAC 31 Miscellaneous
153 Investments A

154 Investments B

155 IAC 33 Miscellancous

156 IAC 35 Applsft-AW//e
157 JAC 36 Arcade Games

158 Apple Logo Programs
159 Recipe Files

160 Utilitics & Games
161 Wizard Worker

162 Games E

163 Graphs and Displays
164 Games F

165 Happy Holidays

166 Charts and ra ge
167 IAC 40 - Pilot Lang.
168 IAC 41&47-AW Util.

169 Hayes Term. Prog. ***

170 Love's Follies (Uul.)
171 Cat-Graphix

172 Print Shop Graphics
173 Riley's Pers. Instru.

500 Master Catalog Listing
Eamon Series Volumes

180 Dungcon Designer

181 Beginners Cave
*182 Lair of Minotaur
*183 Cave of the Mind
*184 Zyphur Riverventure
+185 Castle of Doom
*186 Death Star
*187 Devil's Tomb
*188 Caves of Treas.Isl.
*189 Furioso
*190 The Magic Kingdom
*191 The Tomb of Molinar
*192 Lost Isl. of Apple
*193 Abductor's Quarters
*194 Quest for Trezore
*195 Underground City
*196 Merlin's Castle
*197 Horgrath Castle
*198 Deathtrap
*199 The Black Death
*200 The Temple of Ngurct
*201 Black Mountain
“202 Nuclcar Nightmare
*203 Feast of Carroll
“204 The Master's Dungeon

orts
C 27 Applesoft Prog.

147 A 8, Logo Samp.Prog.

Macintosh i se
- @$6.0

*207 The Manxome Foc see above)
*208 The Gauntlet j ENS dM s
*209 Caverns of Langst nson s Ies

*210 Future Quest

*211 House of Secrets
*212 Sewers of Chicago
*213 Slave Pits of Kzorland
*214 Altemate Begin. Cave

3 Fonts

4 MS-BASIC Pgms

5 Desk Accessories

6 Mac Paintings

7 Desk Calendar&MS-Basic

*215 Lifequest eg aa Programs

RA LUE 10 Mostly BASIC

ioi dies ae u Mee] Recommended
m acronts} as a pair.

4220 Utility li 13 RAM Disk&Alud. Finder

*221 Utility III

*223 Temple of the Undead
*224 Quest for Holy Grail
*225 Caves of Mondamen

14 Filevision Templates

15 Progammer's P ayground
16 New Members Disk 1985
17 Red Ryder 5.0 ***

1557 ere eae 18 MusicWorks Collectn. I
+228 Es Je Lai 19 Mock Accessories ***
scape from Orc's Lair 20 MacPaintines 11
*229 City in the Clouds 51 Utilities I ( : SEd)
ProDOS Volumes 22 Desk Tools
802 Utilities (A) 23 Fonts 111

24 Telecom I
25 Util. II (Switcher 4.4)
26 Am. Sign Lang. Font

803 Filecabinet
804 Shareware ***
805 '85 Tax Templates-AW

806 ZAP 27 Cyclan Develop. Sys.
Forth Volumes 28 World Mapping Prog.
700 Assembler/Disassemb. 7 Fun and Games

701 Full Screen Editor 0 Education I
702 GoForth Tutorial 31 Dungcon of Doonv
703 Fig-Forth Eliza Talks
704 Floating Point Arith. 32 Fun and Games Il
ascal Volumes (Sce also Fe 33 Desk Accessories II

300 PIGO:ATTACH 1.1/BÍOS 34 Excel Tax Temp. '85
301 PIGI: 35 Fun and Games Ill
wa Fi SUP

0 : : : O u d-Z , + ac
201 Pic: Olea. d : Set of 3 disks - $15
305 PIGS: PIGII: are
306 PIG6: re-issucs)
307 PIG
308 PIGS:
309 PIGS:
310 PIG10:
311 PIG11:
312 PIGI2:
313 PIG13:Gucrilla Guide
314 PIGI4:

P/M Volumes

401 Master Catalog
402 Utilities 1

403 Communications
404 Utilities 2

405 Utilities 3

406 ZCPR2 Install
407 ZCPR2 Documentation
408 ZCPR2 Utilities
409 Modem 730

410 Essential Utilitics
411 Text Editor

412 Spreadsheet

133 [AC 20-Pascal&DOS 3.3

413 N DM 70C IV
134 New Members Disk

*205 The Crystal Mountain 414 MDM740C
m D(7710& A-Cat
*206 The Lost Adventure 415 Orig. 350 PL Adventure n

* Vol. 181 required with these disks. ** Vols. 121, 135, 136 must be purchased tog i:
*** Use of this disk requires sending moncy directly to the author. P gether. DATE:

Note: Allow 2 to 3 weeks for mailing. Total Order = Disks; Postage $ ; Total Amount Enclosed §

NAME:
ADDRESS: Washington Apple Pi, Ltd.
Aun. Disketeria

April 1986 79

Make check payable and send to: (U.S. funds payable on a U.S. bank.)

Telephone

Washington Apple Pi

WAP TUTORIAL REGISTRATION

The following three WAP tutorials are being offered to Apple // owners on Tuesday evenings from 7:30 to 9:00 PM,
at the office, 8227 Woodmont Ave., Bethesda, MD. (The tutorials start promptly at 7:30; if you bring your
computer please arrive 15 minutes early to set up.) You may sign up for any or all of the series. They are
designed for the "beginner" and will be repeated monthly. A revised outline of the tutorials was given in the
October 1985 issue of the WAP Journal. However, the 3rd tutorial has been changed as follows: It will introduce
AppleWorks, Apple's integrated Word Processor, Database and Spreadsheet, for use with Apple //c, //e and J[+ when
patched by Norwich Plus Works or similar software. An AW Data Disk will be available for use (or copying) during
the tutorial. It contains several small (less than 10K) examples of databases and spreadsheets, in addition to
instructions in the form of an AW word processor file. The tutorial is designed to guide new AW users through the

procedures for using, adding to, and altering existing files. The particular files used will be chosen in
response to requests from registrants.

( ) April 1 - WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF APPLE
( ) April 8 - HOW TO USE YOUR APPLE SOFTWARE
( ) April 15 - POPULAR APPLICATIONS FOR YOUR APPLE -

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The fee for each tutorial is $10,00 with an Apple, monitor and disk drive, $15.00 without (monitors available for

Ist 5 registrants - call office). Please note that WAP does not have equipment for you to use; if you do not
bring your own, you will have to Took over someone's shoulder.

__ Tutorials at $10.00 (with equipment) . Tutorials at $15.00 (without equipment)

SigMac is sponsoring a series of two monthly tutorials for the beginner. The fee for two tutorials is $30.00.
They will be held at the office, from 7-10 PM on Monday evenings. You are strongly urged to bring your Macintosh.
These tutorials fill up quickly - call the office to verify space before mailing in your registration. NOTE: We
are holding two sets of tutorials in April.

( ) Monday, April 7 and 14
( ) Monday, April 21 and 28 (check with office to see if this one is full)

Please check the desired tutorials and return this form with fee(s) made payable to Washington Apple Pi, Ltd. to:

Washington Apple Pi, Ltd. Name
Attn. Tutorials
8227 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 20] Daytime Phone Evening Phone

Bethesda, MD 20814
Total Enclosed $

MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY CHANGES
Use this form ONLY if you wish to CHANGE your instructions to the Club. See article elsewhere in this issue.

NAME (Please print)

ee AA A A NN E it E

MEMBERSHIP NO. (required)
ADDRESS: Street
CITY EN STATE ZIPCODE

Please check one (only) of the following boxes:
( ) DO NOT include my name in the Membership Directory.
( ) I authorize the release of my name, zipcode and phone no. to other members
through the Membership Directory. Phone no. MUST be supplied above.

Club policy prohibits releasing a member's personal information unless you release that information by checking
one of the boxes above. If you do not release this information, you will not receive a copy of the Directory.
Your response on this form will supersede any previous instructions to WAP.

SIGNATURE DATE

Please return this form to be received in the WAP office no later than April 27, 1986. Mail to:

Washington Apple Pi, Ltd.

Attn. Directory

8227 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 201
Bethesda, MD 20814

80 April 1986 Washington Apple Pi

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KRONOR MMR OD
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POVVVVOHOHHHS56506085665600008500080856060500856006060656065006050060600550558800080000005850550005650504

Padilla he dt ba be bd bt O DB eB AA AAA DOE IO IIA HA

¡4 Good Reasons to Buy a MacBottom 20

| -ILis extermely FAST; Although not quite as fast as an SCSI drive this baby still
Loutruns & outperforms the Apple HD 20, the other serial drives, & is MAC. ready!!
i -The SOFTWARE is included; HFS Backup, MFS Backup, Assignable printer Spooling, Volumes
| HD Utilities, Floppy Copy, etc. It also has a 68000 proccessor & HFS ready ROMs built in! (In
‘contrast, the Apple HD20 is not intelligent & you have to spend $250 more for SW!)

“Lis PORTABLE. RUGGED & RELIABLE; (While in my briefcase ours fell down the stairs

¿the other day. It still runs without a glitch -in point of fact, we are using it right now to write this!-).
-It Just Got CHEAPER!! MacCORNER now extends WAP Members a 28 % DISC. on MacBottom*

MacBOTTOM 20.. $1073 —— —

MacSERYÈ

This excellent program allows ANY hard disk to
share in the spoils of Apple Networking. Users
of the net can access any of the volumes in the
drive with their own password, as well as utilize
MacServe's printer spooling and Backup
capabilities. MacServe works great with MB-20's
SCSI drives, even with the Apple HD-20

MacServe

CRUNCH : $ 139.95
LASER BASE; $99.95

HELIX is THE Database for Macintosh. Whatever your needs
are, from simple listings, forms,& filers to complex multiuser
relational turnkey applications helix has got it all, and then some
room to grow indeed! Offered at an incredible price since January,
we are now about to run out of stock, so hurry!!!

Odesta HELIX... $149.95
New... Products et Mac CORNER:

P Cricket Graph - “interlace - Laser Works E
i MacBuffer - Lowdown - MSFortran - MacServe
| -MacLightning - MicahDrive AT - Mirror Tech.
¿Magnet 20 Ex. - New Thunderscan (MacPlus)

= Ready Set Go 2.1 - Sidekick+Phone Link -
Silicon Press - - - StatWorks Pro - de! Much morelll ;

A LEO IO ee

PPP IT SON etal at a" o ot atebetalatateletetetatetetetetetetetotetetetetatatatetatatatetetetetetetetetatatetetetete’etatetetetetaletatetetatetatetetatal,
ann!

3 1/2" MicroFloppies (Box Of 10 3 1/2") $

800 K Disk Drives $289}
| Numeric turbo $149}
| 51 2k upgrades $189 ;

LI
LRR YO m t 0040,90 t B t t tt OOOO EY

|buy 6 get 1

MusicWorks Midi $69.95

MORE THAN 200 MAC PRODUCTS

|-355
MacCorne
r q
-Zetts A

How To Reach Mac Corne (301) 330- 9116 from

RIA A
ER ICAA)
A a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a"

SALE SPECIAL: |

| POPCOM 1200 Modem & |
| STRAIGHT TALK:$ 299.95}

Ask About our
package Specials!!

OQ DAB RAAB A

| lmageWritter
IRibbons $4.95ea

MacTable MIDI 3 Music FOR THE MAC |Sale on A-Macintoshesi

: |] $ MacCorner Mac w/512's $1299
i : Prof. Composer & Performer Combo 545.00 x

: Now In ; Total Music (Sequencer & Scoring) : 395.00 Mac w/512 & SCSI port $1499
i Stock: | Opcode Librarians & patch Editors $49->$69 Mac w/512 & R-MacBottom 10 $1989
: $ 47922 : Opcode & Assimilation MIDI interfaces 1$69.»$109 ; Mac w/512 & SuperDrive 20** $2399
i — ERR: E.Arts Deluxe Music Contruction Set $34.95 E

All prices subject to change without notice. “"Limited Availability
All prices reflect a 5% cash discount, and verifiable WAP membership

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The Macintosh? On! Software an nd „Peripherals. Store

SUPERMAC

TECHNOLOGY

DATAFRAME 20 $1099

The Dataframe 20 is the first 20 Meg. SCSI drive,
stands vertically next to your Mac and does not
require a fan (quiet!). It takes full advantage of
the interface's speed (Hyper-fast) as well as of HFS
and Networks Via MacServe! List $1295

SUPERDRIVE 20 $1199

The SuperDrive 20 is a high performance 3.5"
Internal 20 Meg. HyperDrive compatible drive,
upgradable to SCSI , supports HFS and will be
supported by MacServe ! Up to 10 times faster
than floppies,this is the perfect internal Hard
Drive for your Mac, and at a super price!!!

ENHANCE Avail. March-April
Enhance is the route of choice for upgrading your
128 or 512k Mac to a MacPlus. SuperMac gives
you all the power of a MacPlus in your existing
Mac! TWO (2) megabytes of contiguous memory
upgradable to more than SIX (6 1/2) megs. ,& a
completely MacPlus compatible SCSI Port. Also
included is 12.5 Mhz 68000 coprocessor to make
your Mac 50% faster!! Call now for more info!!

Supplies

Color ribbons | 7.95
Color Ribbons li 10.95
IronOn Color | 14.95
Dust Cover Mac 12.50
Disk Bank Ill 13.95
Medlamate Ill 11.95
Paper 1000 17.95
Paper 2400 29.95
Pastel Paper 300 11.95
Macnifty ABCD 39.95
Epstart 36.00
MacPort Adaptor 74.95
MacEnhacer 169.95

19. 89;

free |

Mac W/512,SCSI & DATAFRAME 2092499
SuperMac 2 meg SCSI Mac** $2295
All macs with 90 day P/L warranty

IN STOCKIN

Va: 340- 7032

WASHINGTON APPLE PI, LTD.

8227 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 201 A
MD 20614 m
Bethesda, Seis
PERMIT # 5389
FORWARDING AND ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED Silver Spring, MD

20910

A REFURBISHED DAISY WHEEL PRINTER
FOR PERSONAL COMPUTER USERS AND SMALL BUSINESSES.

Three-In-One Offer! Just $295
(Includes On-Site Warranty)

o A 30 cps letter-quality printer
e A timesharing keyboard terminal (when modem equipped)
@ A Selectric*-style keyboard typewriter

AJ daisy wheel printer terminals are renowned for And you can choose from a list of options including
exceptional performance, high reliability, and applications forms tractor, pin-feed platen, paper trays, side shelves,
versatility. Now you can have all this for only$295 ** in our extra printwheels, APL keyboard and 2K buffer.
special limited offer. . For information telephone
e Optional 45 characters per second Sean Belanger
e Changeable type faces D rr... 0... 0o 1.0.0 00001000000 Å (301) 840-5700

numeric pad
e High resolution X-Y plotting
e Complete electronic forms

e Full ASCII keyboard with j A AA | |
| ARA A; Pes

control i : "Suggested selling price, excludes options
e 256-character buffer and is subject to change without notice.
| Model shown includes certain options.

€ Asynchronous RS-232 interface

e Printwheel, ribbon cartridge,
and cable included

e 30-day parts/labor warranty

Offer available only in the contiguous U.S.

"Selectric is a trademark of IBM.

ANDERSON
JACOBSON
8653 Grovemont Cir.

Gaithersburg, MD 20877

We service IBM personal computers and -4191

peripherals at your home or office.

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